Methylene blue@silver nanoprisms conjugates as a strategy against Candida albicans isolated from balanoposthitis using photodynamic inactivation

Rodrigues, Cláudio H.; Silva, Bruna Pereira; Silva, Marques L.R.; Gouveia, Dimitri C.; Fontes, Adriana; Macêdo, Danielle P.C.; Santos, Beate S.

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104066

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104066

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Methylene blue@silver nanoprisms conjugates as a strategy against Candida albicans isolated from balanoposthitis using photodynamic inactivation

Cláudio H. Rodrigues,

Bruna Pereira Silva,

Marques L.R. Silva

et al.

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2024

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Practical application of PMA–qPCR assay for determination of viable cells of inter-species biofilm of Candida albicans–Staphylococcus aureus

Kendra,

Czucz Varga,

Gaálová-Radochová

et al. 2024

Biology Methods and Protocols

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Determining the number of viable cells by calculating colony-forming units is time-consuming. The evaluation of mixed biofilms consisting of different species is particularly problematic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to optimize a molecular method—propidium monoazide quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PMA-qPCR) - for accurate and consistent differentiation between living and dead cells. In the practical experimental example, the number of genome copies representing living cells was determined in a mixed biofilm of Candida albicans-Staphylococcus aureus inhibited by photodynamic inactivation. Optimal conditions such as PMA concentration and the duration of light exposure, the optimization of DNA isolation from the mixed biofilm and standardization of PMA-qPCR parameters were tested prior to the main experiment. The genome copy number was calculated based on the known amount of gDNA in the qPCR reaction and the genome size of the respective microorganism. The results showed that PDI in the presence of 1 mM methylene blue decreased the total genome copy number from 1.65x108 to 3.19x107, and from 4.39x107 to 1.91x107 for S. aureus and C. albicans (p < 0.01), respectively. The main disadvantage is overestimation of the number of living cells represented by genome copy numbers. Such cells are unable to reproduce and grow (no vitality), and are continuously dying. On the other hand, PMA-qPCR determines the copy numbers of all microbial species, including a mix of eukaryotic yeasts and prokaryotic bacteria in a biofilm in one step, which is a great advantage.

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Practical application of PMA–qPCR assay for determination of viable cells of inter-species biofilm of Candida albicans–Staphylococcus aureus

Kendra,

Czucz Varga,

Gaálová-Radochová

et al. 2024

Biology Methods and Protocols

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Gold Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine: Unique Properties and Therapeutic Potential

Eker,

Akdaşçi,

Duman

et al. 2024

Nanomaterials

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Gold nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated significance in several important fields, including drug delivery and anticancer research, due to their unique properties. Gold NPs possess significant optical characteristics that enhance their application in biosensor development for diagnosis, in photothermal and photodynamic therapies for anticancer treatment, and in targeted drug delivery and bioimaging. The broad surface modification possibilities of gold NPs have been utilized in the delivery of various molecules, including nucleic acids, drugs, and proteins. Moreover, gold NPs possess strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties, facilitating their use in surface-enhanced Raman scattering for precise and efficient biomolecule detection. These optical properties are extensively utilized in anticancer research. Both photothermal and photodynamic therapies show significant results in anticancer treatments using gold NPs. Additionally, the properties of gold NPs demonstrate potential in other biological areas, particularly in antimicrobial activity. In addition to delivering antigens, peptides, and antibiotics to enhance antimicrobial activity, gold NPs can penetrate cell membranes and induce apoptosis through various intracellular mechanisms. Among other types of metal NPs, gold NPs show more tolerable toxicity capacity, supporting their application in wide-ranging areas. Gold NPs hold a special position in nanomaterial research, offering limited toxicity and unique properties. This review aims to address recently highlighted applications and the current status of gold NP research and to discuss their future in nanomedicine.

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Methylene blue@silver nanoprisms conjugates as a strategy against Candida albicans isolated from balanoposthitis using photodynamic inactivation

Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

Practical application of PMA–qPCR assay for determination of viable cells of inter-species biofilm of Candida albicans–Staphylococcus aureus

Practical application of PMA–qPCR assay for determination of viable cells of inter-species biofilm of Candida albicans–Staphylococcus aureus

Gold Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine: Unique Properties and Therapeutic Potential

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