Methylguanidine in Uremia

Giovannetti, S; Balestri, Pier Luigi; Barsotti, Giovanni

doi:10.1001/archinte.1973.00320110093014

Cited by 106 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Thus (about 120nM) (19). However, the levels of MG and GSA are known to increase several-fold above plasma levels in various organs under acute and chronic uremic conditions (21,22) though GAA levels decrease (6,19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guanidino compounds generate reactive oxygen species

et al. 1996

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SUMMARYMethylguanidine, guanidinoacetic acid and guanidinosuccinic acid are endogenous substances in body tissues. Extremely high levels of these substances are known to be related to the pathogenesis of epilepsy and renal failure such as uremia. In this study it was demonstrated that methylguanidine, guanidinoacetic acid and guanidinosuccinic acid, and arginine generate hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution. These findings suggest that a high level of guanidino compounds accumulating near or within cells such as neurons (in an epileptogenic focus) or nephrons (in uremic patients) may cause free radical damage leading to these clinical disorders. Arginine may have a similar role in the pathogenesis of hyperarginemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guanidino compounds generate reactive oxygen species

et al. 1996

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“…Serum levels of MG have been investigated since Giovanetti's group reported that MG accumulates in the serum of uremic patients as a uremic toxin. [14] Ozasa et al [15] reported that MG and CTL are present at similar levels in the serum of uremic rats. In humans, however, conversion of CTL to MG is poor, and MG can be detected as a minor Cr metabolite derived by reactive oxygen species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Urinary Excretion of Creatol, an In Vivo Biomarker of Hydroxyl Radical, in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

et al. 2007

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Creatol (CTL) is a hydroxyl radical adduct of creatinine (Cr). The serum methylguanidine (MG) level and the MG/Cr molar ratio are reported to be biomarkers for oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to examine whether urinary excretion of CTL, another oxidative stress-related marker, is increased in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). One hundred twentyfour non-dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure (serum Cr level, 1.3-10.0 mg/dL) were recruited from our hospitals. Urine and serum levels of CTL and MG were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with the use of 9, 10-phenanthrenequinone as a fluorogenic reagent. The CTL/Cr and (CTL+MG)/Cr molar ratios in spot urine samples were also compared with those in 24-h urine samples. The urinary CTL/Cr and (CTL+MG)/Cr molar ratios increased with decreases in Cr clearance in patients with CRF. Correlations between serum and spot urine (CTL+MG)/Cr and between serum and spot urine CTL/Cr were quite similar to those in 24-h urine samples. CTL/Cr and (CTL+MG)/Cr molar ratios in both 24-h urine and spot urine samples appear to be useful indices of the severity of CRF.

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“…(less than 500 daltons) are known to accumulate in patients with renal failure and characterize the uremic state. Methylguanidine (MG) is one such substance and is suspected to be a uremic toxin (GIOVANNETTI et al, 1973). It is unlikely, however, that MG was involved in the depressive effect of the low M.W.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%