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Methylmercury (MeHg), a bioaccumulative neurotoxin, is microbially produced in anoxic wetland environments. The direct or indirect management of wetlands is pervasive, but many questions remain regarding the impact of wetland management on MeHg biogeochemistry. To address this, I investigated the extent, drivers, and consequences of MeHg production in important types of managed wetlands, as well as the response of MeHg to specific management interventions. In a field study which simulated industrial increases and legislated decreases in Firstly, I would like to thank my advisors, Carl Mitchell, Roberta Fulthorpe, and Marney Isaac, for their support, guidance, and understanding as I navigated through not only a Ph.D., but a new country, marriage and parenthood. I will always be particularly grateful for your enthusiastic support for my pursuit of my own research ideas, which was a true privilege. In addition, I would like to thank Shelley Eisner, Elaine Pick, and Jennifer Caradonna of the DPES administrative support team for their quick and helpful responses to all my administrative questions. Eventually I even reached the point of filling out expense claims without mistakes, at least once or twice! I would also like to extend a particular thank you to Planck (Haiyong) Huang for his endless patience and good nature as he demonstrated laboratory techniques, bringing a smile to even the most frustrating day with the ICP-MS. Research can be lonely, but I was so fortunate to have wonderful PhD colleagues with whom to share frustrations, ideas, and XKCD cartoons. In particular, Ingjerd Sunde Krogseth, Johnny Westgate, Nicole Ricker, Rosemary Saati, and Carlos Paulo made the ninety minute commute worth it. A big thank you also to my "science pals" near and far, especially Annett Schumacher and Zoe Goodwin for their ongoing moral support! Finally, a special thank you to my close friends Diana Cousminer and Genevieve Noyce, and their families Rachel Kahan-Noyce, Ami Ganguli, Elliott Lehtonen, and Misha Ganguli, for their company and support as we wrote up PhDs from each other's kitchen tables-a special kind of enjoyment, to work from home with people who understand what the work is about! Thank you to my parents, Dan and Linda Strickman, my sisters Leah and Rose, and my brother in law Laurence Scott-for five years of reality checks, commiseration, and advice both critical and partisan. I'd also like to thank my family by marriage, the Lombardi-Spanos, for so many great family meals and parties to take my mind off methylmercury and R! My love and gratitude go to my husband, Luciano Lombardi, who was always there for me when I needed him, in so many ways. And finally, in subject and in spirit, this thesis turned out to be for my son, Daniel, who has made it all worthwhile. x Preface Although I am the primary author of this thesis, others have made important contributions, which I outline below. Chapters 2, 4, and 5 are either published, or in review for publication, and necessarily contain some repetition of methods and bac...
Methylmercury (MeHg), a bioaccumulative neurotoxin, is microbially produced in anoxic wetland environments. The direct or indirect management of wetlands is pervasive, but many questions remain regarding the impact of wetland management on MeHg biogeochemistry. To address this, I investigated the extent, drivers, and consequences of MeHg production in important types of managed wetlands, as well as the response of MeHg to specific management interventions. In a field study which simulated industrial increases and legislated decreases in Firstly, I would like to thank my advisors, Carl Mitchell, Roberta Fulthorpe, and Marney Isaac, for their support, guidance, and understanding as I navigated through not only a Ph.D., but a new country, marriage and parenthood. I will always be particularly grateful for your enthusiastic support for my pursuit of my own research ideas, which was a true privilege. In addition, I would like to thank Shelley Eisner, Elaine Pick, and Jennifer Caradonna of the DPES administrative support team for their quick and helpful responses to all my administrative questions. Eventually I even reached the point of filling out expense claims without mistakes, at least once or twice! I would also like to extend a particular thank you to Planck (Haiyong) Huang for his endless patience and good nature as he demonstrated laboratory techniques, bringing a smile to even the most frustrating day with the ICP-MS. Research can be lonely, but I was so fortunate to have wonderful PhD colleagues with whom to share frustrations, ideas, and XKCD cartoons. In particular, Ingjerd Sunde Krogseth, Johnny Westgate, Nicole Ricker, Rosemary Saati, and Carlos Paulo made the ninety minute commute worth it. A big thank you also to my "science pals" near and far, especially Annett Schumacher and Zoe Goodwin for their ongoing moral support! Finally, a special thank you to my close friends Diana Cousminer and Genevieve Noyce, and their families Rachel Kahan-Noyce, Ami Ganguli, Elliott Lehtonen, and Misha Ganguli, for their company and support as we wrote up PhDs from each other's kitchen tables-a special kind of enjoyment, to work from home with people who understand what the work is about! Thank you to my parents, Dan and Linda Strickman, my sisters Leah and Rose, and my brother in law Laurence Scott-for five years of reality checks, commiseration, and advice both critical and partisan. I'd also like to thank my family by marriage, the Lombardi-Spanos, for so many great family meals and parties to take my mind off methylmercury and R! My love and gratitude go to my husband, Luciano Lombardi, who was always there for me when I needed him, in so many ways. And finally, in subject and in spirit, this thesis turned out to be for my son, Daniel, who has made it all worthwhile. x Preface Although I am the primary author of this thesis, others have made important contributions, which I outline below. Chapters 2, 4, and 5 are either published, or in review for publication, and necessarily contain some repetition of methods and bac...
Drainage for forestry has created ~ 1 million km of artificial waterways in Sweden, making it one of the largest human-induced environmental disturbances in the country. These extensive modifications of both peatland and mineral soil dominated landscapes still carry largely unknown, but potentially enormous environmental legacy effects. However, the consequences of contemporary ditch management strategies, such as hydrological restoration via ditch blocking or enhancing forest drainage to promote biomass production via ditch cleaning, on water resources and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes are unclear. To close the gap between science and management, we have developed a unique field research platform to experimentally evaluate key environmental strategies for drained northern landscapes with the aim to avoid further environmental degeneration. The Trollberget Experimental Area (TEA) includes replicated and controlled treatments applied at the catchment scale based on a BACI approach (before-after and control-impact). The treatments represent the dominant ecosystem types impacted by ditching in Sweden and the boreal zone: (1) rewetting of a drained peatland, (2) ditch cleaning in productive upland forests and (3) leaving these ditches unmanaged. Here we describe the TEA platform, report initial results, suggest ways forward for how to best manage this historical large-scale alteration of the boreal landscape, as well as warn against applying these treatments broadly before more long-term results are reported.
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