Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancerrelated deaths among Canadian men and women. In Canada, an estimated 17,400 deaths and 20,500 new cases of lung cancer occurred in 1999 (National Cancer Institute of Canada, 1999). Men continue to outnumber women in terms of incidence and death due to cancer (Figure 1), including lung cancer which accounts for approximately 30 percent of all cancer deaths in men and 20 percent in women (Health Canada, 1998; National Cancer Institute of Canada, 1999).For men, the incidence of lung cancer ranks second to prostate cancer (Figure 2). For example, in 1999 there were an estimated 12,000 newly diagnosed cases of lung cancer compared to 16,600 cases of prostate cancer. Although lung cancer remains the leading cause of death among men, both incidence and mortality rates have been declining since the mid-1980s (Health Canada, 1998 National Cancer Institute of Canada, 1999).However, incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer in women continue to rise (Figure I). Interestingly, for 1999 the estimated incidence of lung cancer is less than half the incidence of breast cancer, 8,500 and 18,700, respectively (Figure 3). Yet given previously observed death rates, lung cancer will account for an estimated 6,800 deaths compared to 5,400 deaths from breast cancer (National Cancer Institute of Canada, 1999).The lifetime probability of developing lung cancer for women is 1 in 21 (National Cancer Institute of Canada, 1999). Among men, the probability of developing lung cancer during their lifetime is 1 in 11. Although cancer primarily afflicts Canadians over age 60, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among men aged 35-84 and women aged 50 or older (Figure 4). The incidence of lung cancer among women aged 45-74 ranks second to breast cancer, and among men aged 70 or older ranks second to prostate cancer. However; lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in men aged