Methylobacillus: a New Genus of Obligately Methylotrophic Bacteria

Yordy, Jerry R.; Weaver, Terry L.

doi:10.1099/00207713-27-3-247

Cited by 54 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The other bacteria (groups 2, 3 and 5 to 10 methanol-utilizing and methylamine-utilizing bacteria) contained ubiquinone Q-10. Groups 1 and 11 methanol-utilizing bacteria (Met hylobacillus and Methylophaga strains), and groups 1 and 2 methane-utilizing bacteria (Methylomonas and Methylococcus strains) utilize one-carbon compounds via the ribulose monophosphate pathway (27,(94)(95)(96)(97)(98), and contain a large amount of squalene and ubiquinone Q-8 but not sterols and carotenoid pigments. GOLD-BERG and SHECHTE',R (14) reported that Pseudomonas C (Methylobacillus glycogenes TK 0145), "Pseudomonas methylotropha" (Methylobacillus glycogenes) and "Methylomonas methanolica" ("Pseudomonas methanolica" ATCC 21704=…”

Section: Content Of Ubiquinone and Ubiquinone Homologsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of isoprenoid compounds in gram-negative methanol-, methane-, and methylamine-utilizing bacteria.

Urakami

Komagata

1986

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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The isoprenoid compounds in gram-negative methanol-, methane-, and methylamine-utilizing bacteria were investigated. All strains tested contained ubiquinone, but none contained menaquinone. The ubiquinone types were Q-8, Q-9, or Q-10. The so-called obligate methylotrophs and methanotrophs (genus Methylobacillus, Methylophaga, Methylomonas, Methylococcus, and Methylovibrio) contained ubiquinone Q-8. The Hyphomicrobium strains contained Q-9. The other facultative methylotrophs and methylamine-utilizing bacteria contained Q-10. A large amount of squalene occurred in the Methylobacillus, Methylophaga, Methylomonas, and Methylococcus strains which utilize one-carbon compounds via the ribulose monophosphate pathway. The Pro tomonas extorquens and Methylobacterium organophilum strains contained a large amount of sterols , carotenoid pigments, and a small amount of squalene. The Hyphomicrobium strains contained a small amount of squalene and Hop-22(29)-ene. The Xanthobacter strains contained a large amount of carotenoid pigments (zeaxanthin, zeaxanthin monorhamnoside, and zeaxanthin dirhamnoside). The Protomonas and Methylobacterium strains were unique in the existence of sterols and large amounts of total isoprenoid compounds, 4.68 to 7.97 mg/g of dry cell. The distribution of squalene, sterols, quinones, and carotenoid pigments conforms with the morphological, physiological, and other chemotaxonomic characteristics in gram-negative methanol-, methane-, and methylamine-utilizing bacteria. The ubiquinone, menaquinone, squalene, sterols, and carotenoid pigments contained in bacterial cells are known as isoprenoid compounds. The taxonomic significance of ubiquinone and menaquinone in the classification of bacteria has been pointed out (1-3). On the other hand, until 1967, squalene and sterols had been encountered only in eukaryotic organisms, and not in prokaryotic organisms, bacteria and blue-green algae (4). In recent years, sterols and the sterol precursor, squalene, have been detected in Azotobacter chrococcum (5), Staphylococcus aureus (6, 7), Halobacterium cutirubrum (8), Methylococcus capsulatus (9,10), Bacillus acidocaldarius (I1), and Acetobacter xylinum (12), and methanol-utilizing bacteria such as Methylobacterium organophilum (13), Pseudomonas sp. C (14), "Pseudomonas methylotropha" (14), "Methylomonas me thanolica" (14), Pseudomonas sp. C45 (15), Pseudomonas AM-1(15), Pseudomonas M27 (15), and "Protaminobacter ruber" (15).In this paper, we describe the distribution of ubiquinone, squalene, sterols, and carotenoid pigments in gram-negative bacteria that use methanol, methane, and methylamine. The significance of these isoprenoid compounds is discussed with regard to the classification of bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains. The strains studied and other strain designations are listed in Table 1. In addition to the bacteria described previously (16-24), bacteria closely related to gram-negative methanol-, methane-, and methylamine-utilizing bacteria were included in this study. The methanol-utilizi...

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Section: Content Of Ubiquinone and Ubiquinone Homologsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of isoprenoid compounds in gram-negative methanol-, methane-, and methylamine-utilizing bacteria.

Urakami

Komagata

1986

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…It has been suggested that this system is present in Pseudomonas sp. strain C (= TK 0145) (12) and Methylobacillus glycogenes T-llT (= TK 0113T) (39), which are included in the group 1 methanol-utilizing bacteria. The cellular fatty acid composition, quinone system, and DNA base composition of the obligately methanol-utilizing bacteria have been reported to be different from the cellular fatty acid composition, quinone system, and DNA base composition of the facultative methanol-utilizing bacteria (16,29,33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emendation of Methylobacillus Yordy and Weaver 1977, a Genus for Methanol-Utilizing Bacteria

Urakami

Komagata

1986

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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The group 1 methanol-utilizing bacteria examined in this study are gram-negative, nonsporeforming, rod-shaped organisms which use the ribulose monophosphate pathway for methanol utilization. These Previously (29, 30, 34), we described the grouping of gram-negative, methanol-utilizing bacteria on the basis of morphological characteristics, utilization of carbon compounds, cellular fatty acid composition, ubiquinone system, and electrophoretic properties of enzymes. The group 1 bacteria that we described (29, 30) are obligately methanolutilizing, nonsporeforming, gram-negative, rod-shaped organisms that have a Q-8 ubiquinone system and a cellular fatty acid composition consisting of large amounts of c16:o acid and c 1 6 : 1 acid (type A). The ribulose monophosphate pathway is supposed for methanol utilization based on detection of hexose phosphate synthetase and the lack of Phydrox ypyruvate reductase (30).Kouno and Ozaki (21) divided the gram-negative methanol-utilizing bacteria into seven major groups. These authors included the obligately methylotrophic, nonsporeforming, gram-negative, rod-shaped organisms in their group 2 and named them "Methylomonas methylovora;" these organisms were previously named "Methanomonas methylovora" (20).However, taxonomic studies of such bacteria have not clarified their taxonomic status, and different generic names and specific names have been applied to the same or very similar organisms.The genus Methylobacillus (Approved Lists 1980) was proposed by Yordy and Weaver (39) for a certain newly isolated gram-negative, nonmotile, obligately methylotrophic bacterium. This genus contains only one validly published species, Methylobacillus glycogenes, and the description of this species is based on a single strain of Methylobacillus glycogenes, strain T-UT (= ATCC 29475T == JCM 2850T = NCIB 11375T) (T = type strain).In a previous paper, we (33) reported the heterogeneity of the group 1 methanol-utilizing bacteria based on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base composition and DNA-DNA homologies.

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“…On the other hand, members of the family are defined by some chemotaxonomic and biochemical properties, such as specific phospholipids and enzymes, which are used for the delineation of genera [1]. The genus Methylobacillus comprises five recognized species: Methylobacillus glycogenes [2,3], Methylobacillus flagellatus [4], Methylobacillus pratensis [5], Methylobacillus arboreus and Methylobacillus gramineus [6]. In addition, another species of the genus, 'Methylobacillus rhizosphaerae', has not been validly published at the time of writing [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Methylobacillus methanolivorans sp. nov., a novel non-pigmented obligately methylotrophic bacterium

Капаруллина

Trotsenko

Доронина

2017

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Three strains of obligately methylotrophic Betaproteobacteria (Z T , SP and M3) with the ribulose monophosphate pathway of C 1 assimilation are described. The isolates were strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, asporogenous, motile (strains Z T and M3) or non-motile (strain SP) rods that multiplied by binary fisson, and were mesophilic and neutrophilic. All three strains utilized methanol but only strains SP and M3 utilized methylamine as carbon and energy sources. The prevailing cellular fatty acids were straight-chain saturated C 16 : 0 and unsaturated C 16 : 1 !7c acids. The major ubiquinone was Q-8. The predominant phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. Ammonia was assimilated by glutamate dehydrogenase. The DNA G+C contents of strains Z T , SP and M3 were 51.0, 52.0 and 52.0 mol% (T m ), respectively. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the three strains were very high (99.9-100 %), and they shared high levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (88-98 %). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness (19-30 %) with the type strains of the genus Methylobacillus, the novel isolates Z T , SP and M3 are classified as representing a novel species of this genus, for which the name Methylobacillus methanolivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Z T (=VKM B-3037 T =JCM 31401 T =CCUG 68999 T ).Methylophilaceae, a family within the order Methylophilales, embraces the genera Methylophilus (type genus), Methylobacillus, Methylovorus and Methylotenera [1]. Betaproteobacterial obligate and restricted facultative methylotrophs are capable of utilizing methanol or methylamine as a sole source of carbon and energy via the ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) cycle. Because of similar morphology and metabolic organization, the main criteria used to clarify obligate methylobacteria into separate genera and species are their genomic and phylogenetic characteristics. On the other hand, members of the family are defined by some chemotaxonomic and biochemical properties, such as specific phospholipids and enzymes, which are used for the delineation of genera . In addition, another species of the genus, 'Methylobacillus rhizosphaerae', has not been validly published at the time of writing [7]. Here, we describe three novel betaproteobacterial methylotrophic strains, Z T , SP and M3, and show that they represent a novel species of the genus Methylobacillus.The novel strains were isolated from activated sludge of a drainage system of the Baikal paper mill (Irkutskaya oblast, Russia) (strain Z T ), from soil collected in St. Petersburg (Russia) (strain SP) and from municipal sewage water in Moscow (strain M3). All the strains were grown in liquid mineral medium 'K' containing (g l À1 ): KH 2 PO 4 -2.0; (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 -2.0; MgSO 4 Á7H 2 O -0.025; NaCl -0.5; FeSO 4 Á7H 2 O -0.002, pH 7.2 and 0.5 % (v/v) CH 3 OH. The pH value was adjusted to 7.2 by adding 5 M NaOH. Solidified medium 'K' was prepared by adding 2.0 % (w/v) agar (Difco). The activated sludge (1 g...

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Methylobacillus: a New Genus of Obligately Methylotrophic Bacteria

Cited by 54 publications

References 27 publications

Occurrence of isoprenoid compounds in gram-negative methanol-, methane-, and methylamine-utilizing bacteria.

Occurrence of isoprenoid compounds in gram-negative methanol-, methane-, and methylamine-utilizing bacteria.

Emendation of Methylobacillus Yordy and Weaver 1977, a Genus for Methanol-Utilizing Bacteria

Methylobacillus methanolivorans sp. nov., a novel non-pigmented obligately methylotrophic bacterium

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