Methylobacterium adhaesivum sp. nov., a methylotrophic bacterium isolated from drinking water

Abstract

A pink-pigmented, facultatively methylotrophic strain, AR27 T , isolated from the drinking water distribution system of Seville, Spain, was characterized taxonomically. Cells were Gram-negative rods, motile, non-spore-forming and strictly aerobic. Growth in liquid media was flocculant whereas on solid media growth produced colonies that usually adhered to the agar surface. On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence data and DNA G+C content (63?6 mol%), strain AR27 T (=CECT 7069 T =CCM 7305 T ) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Methylobacterium, Methylobacterium adhaesivum sp. nov.The genus Methylobacterium belongs to the a-2 subclass of the Proteobacteria and has the serine pathway for formaldehyde assimilation. It includes strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, pink-pigmented, facultatively methylotrophic (PPFM) bacteria, which can grow on single carbon compounds such as formate, formaldehyde and methanol as the sole source of carbon and energy, as well as on a wide range of multi-carbon growth substrates (Green, 2001). At the time of writing, the genus comprises 20 recognized species (Patt et al., 1976;Bousfield & Green, 1985;Green et al., 1988;Urakami et al., 1993;Wood et al., 1998; Doronina et al., 2000Doronina et al., , 2002 McDonald et al., 2001;Van Aken et al., 2004;Jourand et al., 2004; Gallego et al., 2005a, b, c), with Methylobacterium organophilum as the type species (Patt et al., 1976).Members of the genus Methylobacterium are ubiquitous in terrestrial habitats (Green & Bousfield, 1981, including soil, dust, freshwater, tap water systems, lake sediments, leaf surfaces and nodules, rice grains and air, and as contaminants in various products and processes. The PPFM bacteria are strict aerobes and can be isolated from almost any freshwater environment where some dissolved oxygen exists, e.g. from tap water systems (Gräf & Bauer, 1973) and from stratified lake systems (Hanson, 1980). Furthermore, species of this genus have been isolated from hospital environments (Gilardi & Faur, 1984), where they may pose a threat as opportunistic pathogens to seriously ill patients.A sampling campaign in April 2004 to identify culturable and non-culturable bacteria present in the drinking water distribution system of Seville, Spain, led to isolation of a slowly growing pink-pigmented bacterium. This isolate was studied phenotypically, phylogenetically and genotypically. Based on these characteristics we suggest that strain AR27 T represents a novel species of the genus Methylobacterium.Drinking water samples (25 l) were concentrated by using a tangential flow filtration system (Filtron), plated on plate count agar (PCA; Difco) and R2A (Difco) and incubated at 28 uC for 7 days. Distinct colonies were picked in order to obtain pure cultures. Pink-pigmented colonies were selected and studied in more detail. One of these strains, AR27 T , showed a characteristic growth that differentiated it from the remaining pink-pigmented colonies isolated. Strain AR27 ...

EPS Production, PHB Accumulation and Abiotic Stress Endurance of Plant Growth Promoting Methylobacterium Strains Grown in a High Carbon Concentration

“…One such approach for inoculant preparation is based on the induction of massive cell aggregation, clumping and flocculation (Sadasivan and Neyra, 1985). Neyra et al (1995) produced inoculants (Choi, 1998), Methylobacterium adhaesivum AR27 (Gallego et al 2006), and Methylobacterium marchantiae JT1 (Schauer et al, 2011), this phenomenon has never been studied extensively among Methylobacterium spp. Moreover, no attempt to the best of our knowledge has been made to develop Methylobacterium aggregated cells as bioinoculants for agriculture.…”

Methylobacterium phyllosphaerae sp. nov., a pink-pigmented, facultative methylotroph from the phyllosphere of rice

“…Species/strains: 1, strain CBMB27 T (M. phyllosphaerae sp. nov.); 2, M. oryzae (Madhaiyan et al, 2007c); 3, M. fujisawaense (Kouno & Ozaki, 1975); 4, M. mesophilicum (Austin & Goodfellow, 1979); 5, M. radiotolerans (Ito & Iizuka, 1971); 6, M. extorquens (Urakami & Komagata, 1984); 7, M. adhaesivum (Gallego et al, 2006); 8, M. suomiense (Doronina et al, 2002); 9, M. organophilum (Patt et al, 1976); 10, M. rhodesianum (Rock et al, 1976); 11, M. zatmanii (Rock et al, 1976); 12, M. rhodinum (Heumann, 1962); 13, M. nodulans (Jourand et al, 2004) (Sasser, 1990). The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined by HPLC analysis of individual nucleosides using a reversed-phase column (Supelcosil LC-18-S; Supelco) as described by Mesbah et al (1989).…”

Methylobacterium platani sp. nov., isolated from a leaf of the tree Platanus orientalis

“…The genus Methylobacterium was first described by Patt et al (1976) and at the time of writing consists of the following 24 recognized species (http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/m/methylobacterium. html): Methylobacterium adhaesivum (Gallego et al, 2006), M. aminovorans (Urakami et al, 1993), M. aquaticum (Gallego et al, 2005a), M. chloromethanicum (McDonald et al, 2001), M. dichloromethanicum (Doronina et al, 2000), M. extorquens (Bousfield & Green, 1985), M. fujisawaense (Green et al, 1988), M. hispanicum (Gallego et al, 2005a), M. isbiliense (Gallego et al, 2005c), M. jeotgali (Aslam et al, 2007), M. lusitanum (Doronina et al, 2002), M. mesophilicum , M. nodulans (Jourand et al, 2004), M. organophilum (Patt et al, 1976), M. oryzae (Madhaiyan et al, 2007), M. podarium (Anesti et al, 2004), M. populi (Van Aken et al, 2004), M. radiotolerans , M. rhodesianum (Green et al, 1988), M. rhodinum , M. suomiense (Doronina et al, 2002), M. thiocyanatum (Wood et al, 1998), M. variabile (Gallego et al, 2005b) and M. zatmanii (Green et al, 1988). Here, we provide a detailed taxonomic characterization of a Methylobacterium-like bacterial strain, PMB02 T , which was isolated from a tree leaf.…”