Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination of healthcare workers' uniforms in long-term care facilities

Vestuário de profissionais de saúde como potenciais reservatórios de microrganismos: uma revisão integrativa

“…11,[16][17][18][19][21][22] Direct contact of the areas analyzed with the agar plates was used in two articles for obtaining the microbiological samples. 12,19 The bacterial species were identified by biochemical tests; and the antimicrobial susceptibility through the disc diffusion technique or by the identification of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC).…”

“…11,[16][17][18][19][21][22] Direct contact of the areas analyzed with the agar plates was used in two articles for obtaining the microbiological samples. 12,19 The bacterial species were identified by biochemical tests; and the antimicrobial susceptibility through the disc diffusion technique or by the identification of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). [11][12][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) technique was used to verify the clonal relationship between the isolates, this being considered of broad application, as it enables the performance of genotyping and the comparison of similarity between microbial species.…”

“…12,19 The bacterial species were identified by biochemical tests; and the antimicrobial susceptibility through the disc diffusion technique or by the identification of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). [11][12][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) technique was used to verify the clonal relationship between the isolates, this being considered of broad application, as it enables the performance of genotyping and the comparison of similarity between microbial species. [22][23] Of the microbial samples isolated from the white coats, gowns and uniforms of the healthcare professionals, the following were identified: Diphtheroids, Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE), gram-negative bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiela pneumoniae and Serratia rubidae) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which was most frequently isolated, including in outbreak situations.…”

“…In the ICU a greater diversity of microorganisms resistant to penicillins, aminoglycosides and 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd generation cephalosporins were recovered. [11][12][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] A higher level of contamination of clothing by VRE was observed during the care of patients with tracheostomy, gastrostomy, jejunostomy and ileostomy. 11,20 In two studies the results of molecular tests confirmed the similarity between the strains of the patient and those recovered from the clothing of the multiprofessional team.…”

“…It is important to highlight that, among the studies evaluated, the factors 'frequency of washing and changing', and 'complexity of the care provided to the patient' favored the contamination of the clothing. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The use of white coats restricted to only areas of direct patient care was considered a important factor for lower levels of contamination of the coat (p<0.05), compared to coats used in non-care areas, such as cafeterias and libraries. 18 …”