Metolachlor and Simazine Leaching through Horticultural Substrates

Mahnken, Gail E.; Skroch, W. A.; Sheets, T. J.; Leidy, R. B.

doi:10.24266/0738-2898-12.1.55

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Application to individual containers could decrease herbicide losses in runoff because the herbicide has to leach through the substrates to be available for loss in surface runoff (Gilliam et aI. 1991;H'orowitz et al 1989;Horowitz and Elmore 1991), although herbicide leaching through substrates can vary by substrate (Mahnken et al 1994).…”

Section: Herhicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Metolachlor and Simazine in Surface Runoff Water from a Simulated Container Plant Nursery

et al. 1999

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Field trials were conducted to evaluate the influence of three application methods and two types of ground cover on the transport of metolachlor and simazine from container-grown junipers. Application methods used were broadcast spray, broadcast granules, and individual container applications. Woven ground cloth and woven ground cloth plus gravel were used as ground covers. The site received daily irrigation, and surface runoff was sampled and analyzed 0, 1,2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 56 d after herbicide application. Application method had the greatest effect on herbicide concentrations in runoff. Herbicide application to individual containers resulted in lower simazine and metolachlor concentrations in runoff. Herbicide concentrations took longer to drop below detection levels in surface runoff from broadcast applications.

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Section: Herhicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Metolachlor and Simazine in Surface Runoff Water from a Simulated Container Plant Nursery

et al. 1999

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Relative mobilities of atrazine, five atrazine degradates, metolachlor, and simazine in soils of iowa

Kruger

Coats

Zhu

1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The relative mobilities of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), five atrazine degradates, metolachlor (2-chloro-N-[2-ethyl-5-methylphenyl]-N-[2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]-acetamide), and simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis-[ethylamino]-s-triazine) were determined in both surface and subsurface soils from five locations in Iowa by soil thin-layer chromatography (STLC). Based on mobility of the compounds, four groups were identified from this study. Deethylatrazine (2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylaminos-triazine) was the most mobile compound. The intermediate mobility group included atrazine, deisopropylatrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-amino-s-triazine), and didealkylatrazine (2-chloro-4,6-diamino-s-triazine). The less mobile group included metolachlor and simazine, and the nearly immobile group consisted of ammeline (4,6-diamine-s-triazine-2-ol) and hydroxyatrazine (2-hydroxy-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine). A clear division between the intermediate and less mobile group was not seen in all soils. Mobilities of all eight compounds in this study were negatively correlated with soil organic matter content (p Յ 0.05) and positively correlated (except for didealkylatrazine) with sand content (p Յ 0.05). The greatest degree of mobility for the compounds studied was seen in Fruitland (sandy) and Nashua (sandy clay loam) subsurface soils, which also had the least organic matter contents. The mobility relationship of atrazine, deethylatrazine, and deisopropylatrazine in this study (deethylatrazine Ն atrazine Ն deisopropylatrazine) is consistent with groundwater monitoring reports. Similar mobilities of atrazine, deisopropylatrazine, and didealkylatrazine in some soils of this study suggest that didealkylatrazine is mobile enough to reach groundwater and therefore should be looked for in routine monitoring.

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Isoxaben and BAS 479 14H retention/loss from peat substrate of nursery plants

Rouchaud¹,

Neus²,

Labeke³

et al. 1999

Weed sci.

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Weed management for nursery ornamental plants requires several applications of preemergence herbicides to control recurring weed emergence and to counter chemical dissipation and leaching losses. Herbicide losses from plant containers in runoff water may pose risks to surface and groundwater supplies. Sphagnum peat is a frequently used rooting medium. Limited information exists on the fate of herbicides applied to peat. The leaching of two commonly used chemicals in Europe by the containerized ornamental plant industry, isoxaben and BAS 479 14H, was measured. Herbicides were applied to 1-yr-old conifers (Juniperus communis, cv. Repanda [common juniper]) grown in pots containing sphagnum peat. The isoxaben-treated pots were placed on 1- by 1-m lysimeters that were buried in the center of replicate field plots. Pots were also placed in subirrigated sandbeds to determine herbicide dissipation and movement in irrigation water. With overhead irrigation, isoxaben had a half-life of 2 mo in the 0- to 5-cm depth of the peat container. More than 96% of applied isoxaben was recovered in the 0- to 5-cm depth. Less than 4% of the amount applied was found in the 5- to 10-cm depth, and none was detected in the 10- to 15-cm depth. No isoxaben residues were detected in water percolating through the field lysimeters. In subirrigated sandbeds, no isoxaben was detected in the water rising by capillary tension. Most of the applied isoxaben was found in the 0- to 5-cm layer of the peat container, where its half-life was also 2 mo. Similar results were observed in containers treated with BAS 479 14H, which had a half-life of 1.2 mo. The high organic matter content of the peat medium strongly sorbed both isoxaben and BAS 479 14H, and these herbicides remained primarily in the near-surface zone of the peat containers. No significant herbicide leaching or loss from the containers was found when subirrigated or irrigated by sprinkler.

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Metolachlor and Simazine Leaching through Horticultural Substrates

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Metolachlor and Simazine in Surface Runoff Water from a Simulated Container Plant Nursery

Metolachlor and Simazine in Surface Runoff Water from a Simulated Container Plant Nursery

Relative mobilities of atrazine, five atrazine degradates, metolachlor, and simazine in soils of iowa

Isoxaben and BAS 479 14H retention/loss from peat substrate of nursery plants

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