“…positions of NiTi, which had been split to the other fracture surface, which effectively prohibited the rapid propagation of the crack and increased the fracture strength during bending. Moreover, our previous research has shown that when the particle size is decreased and close to R p , the local areas around these fine particles satisfy the optimum condition, d % k % R p , and these regions are able to deform plastically, which may be another reason for the improved fracture strength of the specimens with finer particles [26]. However, the mean inter-particle spacing for A-RC3, which had the finest particles, was $3 lm, twice as large as R p ($1.5 lm), because of the low volume fraction of NiTi.…”