“…In contrast, adsorption process that is controlled by main physicochemical interactions, such as van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, polarity, and dipole-dipole interaction, is one of the most cost-effective methods for water treatment (Ren et al 2011;Rahdar et al 2019a, b). Particularly, the development of various nano-adsorbents, which offer unique advantages including large specific surface area, selective and abundant adsorption sites, short intraparticle diffusion distance, tunable pore size, and easy regeneration and reusability, has attracted a great deal of attentions (Tajbakhsh et al 2014;Al-Nour 2009). Among the nanoparticles, magnesium oxide (MgO) is a basic oxide group and it has provided a large range of applications in the process of adsorption (Ghahramani et al 2016).…”