Michael-Addition-Mediated Photonic Crystals Allow Pretreatment-Free and Label-Free Sensoring of Ciprofloxacin in Fish Farming Water

Abstract

Abuse of antibiotics results in a large number of antibiotics residues in the environment and even causes the problem of "super bacteria". Therefore, it is crucial to develop a powerful analytic method to monitor antibiotics quickly and simply. Photonic crystal (PC), as a sensing material, has promising application prospects. Herein, we try to use PC to realize pretreatment-free and label-free detection of Ciprofloxacin (CF) through Michael addition reaction. The recognition process is carried out by the Michael addition reaction between the piperazine group of CF and the o-benzoquinone group on the PC. The monodisperse microspheres with o-benzoquinone groups are prepared by polymerization and oxidation and then stacked to form PC. During the detection, the peak intensity of the PC decreases with the increasing CF concentration, and the linear range is from 2 to 512 μg/L. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.76 μg/L. Furthermore, the PC retains 97% of the initial response after storage in a Petri dish at room temperature for 1 month, which shows that it has good stability. Moreover, CF in fish farming water can be detected directly without any pretreatment and label, and the results are in good accordance with the LC-MS-MS results. This Michael-addition-mediated PC is accurate, easily prepared, cost-efficient, and long-term stable. In addition, it is environmentally friendly, because little organic solvent is needed during both the preparation and the detection.

Bottom-Up Assembled Photonic Crystals for Structure-Enabled Label-Free Sensing

“…Among the many sensing principles and their associated materials, such as electrochemical sensors using functional nanomaterials, photoluminescence sensors using quantum dots, and optical sensors using nanostructured nanophotonics, − optical sensors employing PhCs stand out as their periodic structures, and thus their corresponding optical properties can be precisely controlled. The precise control enables label-free, noninvasive, and multiplexed analysis.…”

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

“…Organic solvents are usually detected by using polymer matrix sensors (Table 1) through matrix interaction [7][8][9]15,16]. The impregnation and immobilization methods are rather close; they are used for the determination of inorganic ions (Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ , Hg 2+ , Ni 2+ and Cd 2+ ) [2,11,[17][18][19] and organic molecules of simple and complex structure (glucose, organophosphates, urea, creatinine, ciprofloxacin and sarin) [5,6,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The development of a sensor device with molecularly imprinted polymers allows for the determination of organic compounds (nicotinamide, sulfonamides, bisphenol A and diethylstilbestrol) with a more complex structure [12,13,28,29].…”

Portable Smartphone-Based QDs for the Visual Onsite Monitoring of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in Actual Food and Environmental Samples

“…Recently, the overuse of antibiotics has aroused increasing public attention because of its adverse effects on food safety and environmental health. − Among them, fluoroquinolones (FQs) are a class of antibiotics that exhibit excellent bactericidal activity in destroying bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enabling them to be an essential substance against bacteria for improving the economic interests of the breed and pharmaceutical industry. − However, in contrast to the beneficial effects, the misuse of FQs will cause severe side effects including hepatotoxicity, muscle injury, nervous disorders, and permanent disability in extreme situations . Moreover, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria makes the existence of FQs in the natural environment extremely dangerous. − Considering its widespread application in medicine and poultry farming, the inevitable FQ residues in surface water, soil, or animal-derived foodstuffs could be a threat to human health .…”