“…The FTIR spectra of CuSNP, DL, and the pullulan/carrageenan-based films are shown in Figure 3 . The characteristic peaks of limonene were obtained at 2918, 1645, 1436, and 885 cm −1 due to the –C–H stretching, –C=C stretching, –C–H bending, and out-of-plane bending, respectively [ 34 ]. In the case of CuSNP, peaks were seen at 3200, 1615, 1100, and 597 cm −1 due to the O–H stretching, C–O bending, –C–O stretching, and the pyranoid ring of corn starch capped CuSNP, respectively [ 35 ].…”
Edible biopolymer (pullulan/carrageenan) based functional composite films were fabricated by the addition of copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNP) and D-limonene (DL). The DL and CuSNP were compatible with the pullulan/carrageenan biopolymer matrix. The addition of CuSNP significantly increased the UV-blocking properties without substantially reducing the transparency of the film. The addition of CuSNP improved the film’s tensile strength by 10%; however, the DL addition did not significantly influence the strength, while the combined addition of CuSNP and DL increased the strength by 15%. The addition of the fillers did not significantly affect the thermal stability of the film, but the water vapor barrier property was slightly improved. There was no significant change in the moisture content and hydrophobicity of the composite film. Besides, the composite film showed some antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogenic bacteria. The fabricated pullulan/carrageenan-based film with antimicrobial and UV-barrier properties is likely to be used in active food packaging applications.
“…The FTIR spectra of CuSNP, DL, and the pullulan/carrageenan-based films are shown in Figure 3 . The characteristic peaks of limonene were obtained at 2918, 1645, 1436, and 885 cm −1 due to the –C–H stretching, –C=C stretching, –C–H bending, and out-of-plane bending, respectively [ 34 ]. In the case of CuSNP, peaks were seen at 3200, 1615, 1100, and 597 cm −1 due to the O–H stretching, C–O bending, –C–O stretching, and the pyranoid ring of corn starch capped CuSNP, respectively [ 35 ].…”
Edible biopolymer (pullulan/carrageenan) based functional composite films were fabricated by the addition of copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNP) and D-limonene (DL). The DL and CuSNP were compatible with the pullulan/carrageenan biopolymer matrix. The addition of CuSNP significantly increased the UV-blocking properties without substantially reducing the transparency of the film. The addition of CuSNP improved the film’s tensile strength by 10%; however, the DL addition did not significantly influence the strength, while the combined addition of CuSNP and DL increased the strength by 15%. The addition of the fillers did not significantly affect the thermal stability of the film, but the water vapor barrier property was slightly improved. There was no significant change in the moisture content and hydrophobicity of the composite film. Besides, the composite film showed some antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogenic bacteria. The fabricated pullulan/carrageenan-based film with antimicrobial and UV-barrier properties is likely to be used in active food packaging applications.
“…Other researchers have used mixture formulating techniques, such as microencapsulation, to increase the longevity of essential oil repellents. 33 Product development should be likewise employed to increase the duration of protection for monoterpenoids or phenylpropanoids that are found to be strongly repellent in this short-term assay. We have shown natural molecules to be effective in changing tick behavior, and consumers perceive them as being safe and comfortable; thus, the remaining potential limiting factor to a successful repellent based on essential oil-derived natural products would be the longevity of the protection.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A way to test for this in our assay would be to age the repellent‐treated filter papers before exposing the ticks to them; an active ingredient or formulation with good repellent longevity would have a similar RT 50 value when tested immediately and after aging. Other researchers have used mixture formulating techniques, such as microencapsulation, to increase the longevity of essential oil repellents 33 . Product development should be likewise employed to increase the duration of protection for monoterpenoids or phenylpropanoids that are found to be strongly repellent in this short‐term assay.…”
“…In order to adapt to the several types of core and wall materials as well as to produce different particle sizes, shell thicknesses and permeabilities, hence, adjusting the release rate of active ingredient [ 27 ], several methods can be used to prepare polymer microcapsules. The common methods include spray drying [ 27 – 29 ], interfacial polymerization [ 30 ], and coacervation [ 31 – 34 ]. Fig.…”
Malaria is a principal cause of illness and death in countries where the disease is endemic. Personal protection against mosquitoes using repellents could be a useful method that can reduce and/or prevent transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. The available repellent products, such as creams, roll-ons, and sprays for personal protection against mosquitoes, lack adequate long-term efficacy. In most cases, they need to be re-applied or replaced frequently. The encapsulation and release of the repellents from several matrices has risen as an alternative process for the development of invention of repellent based systems. The present work reviews various studies about the development and use of repellent controlled-release formulations such as polymer microcapsules, polymer microporous formulations, polymer micelles, nanoemulsions, solid-lipid nanoparticles, liposomes and cyclodextrins as new tools for mosquito-borne malaria control in the outdoor environment. Furthermore, investigation on the mathematical modelling used for the release rate of repellents is discussed in depth by exploring the Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Weibull models, as well as the recently developed Mapossa model. Therefore, the studies searched suggest that the final repellents based-product should not only be effective against mosquito vectors of malaria parasites, but also reduce the biting frequency of other mosquitoes transmitting diseases, such as dengue fever, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika virus. In this way, they will contribute to the improvement in overall public health and social well-being.
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