Mosquito‐repellent controlled‐release formulations for fighting infectious diseases

Abstract

Malaria is a principal cause of illness and death in countries where the disease is endemic. Personal protection against mosquitoes using repellents could be a useful method that can reduce and/or prevent transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. The available repellent products, such as creams, roll-ons, and sprays for personal protection against mosquitoes, lack adequate long-term efficacy. In most cases, they need to be re-applied or replaced frequently. The encapsulation and release of the repellents from several matrices has risen as an alternative process for the development of invention of repellent based systems. The present work reviews various studies about the development and use of repellent controlled-release formulations such as polymer microcapsules, polymer microporous formulations, polymer micelles, nanoemulsions, solid-lipid nanoparticles, liposomes and cyclodextrins as new tools for mosquito-borne malaria control in the outdoor environment. Furthermore, investigation on the mathematical modelling used for the release rate of repellents is discussed in depth by exploring the Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Weibull models, as well as the recently developed Mapossa model. Therefore, the studies searched suggest that the final repellents based-product should not only be effective against mosquito vectors of malaria parasites, but also reduce the biting frequency of other mosquitoes transmitting diseases, such as dengue fever, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika virus. In this way, they will contribute to the improvement in overall public health and social well-being.

Properties of Mosquito Repellent-Plasticized Poly(lactic acid) Strands

“…where w 1 and w 2 are weight fractions to components 1 and 2, respectively, and their corresponding glass transition temperatures. Figure 3 indicates that the present results are broadly in agreement with the predictions of the Fox expression represented by Equation (2).…”

“…However, they do not address the problem of malaria transmission in outdoor settings. A degree of personal protection is achieved by topical application of mosquito repellents [2]. Unfortunately, due to the high volatility of the repellents, this approach provides only short-term protection.…”

Relationship between Preventive Behavioral Factors and Malaria Incidence in Endemic Areas of Lahat Regency in 2021

“…One of the preventive measures that improve public health because it can reduce the frequency of mosquito bites against oneself is mosquito repellent 16 . There was a positive link between the habit of using mosquito repellent and the diminished occurrence of malaria in the endemic region of Lahat Regency.…”

Bioactivity and safety evaluations of Cupressus sempervirens essential oil, its nanoemulsion and main terpenes against Culex quinquefasciatus Say

“…2 018 ; Mas soud et a l . 20 18; Pascual-Villalobos et al 2019;Mapossa et al 2021). The novel properties of nanoemulsions, such as their subcellular size and large surface area, improve the spreading, permeation and uptake of active ingredients into the target sites, thus boosting their bioactivities compared to their original counterparts (Nenaah et al 2015;Benelli 2016;Al-Assiuty et al 2019;Pascual-Villalobos et al 2019).…”