Micro Gas Turbine Combustor Emissions Evaluation Using the Chemical Reactor Modelling Approach

Russo, Carmine; Mori, Giulio; Anisimov, Viatcheslav V.; Parente, J.

doi:10.1115/gt2007-27687

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…21,22 Russo built a reaction network model based on the CFD reaction flow analysis of small gas turbines to study the CO and NOx emissions of different fuels. 23 The results were in good agreement with the experimental results under typical operating conditions. Lebedev et al established a simple reaction model based on CFD simulations using different mechanisms for methane and kerosene.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Predictions of NOx and CO emissions from a low-emission concentric staged combustor for civil aeroengines

Zhang

Hai

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

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This study is aimed to establish a detailed chemical reactor network model based on the analysis of complex reaction flowfield structures in aeroengine combustors, so that the emissions of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide from advanced civil aeroengines can be predicted quickly and accurately. In this study, a low-emission concentric staged combustor with three axial swirlers is designed for civil aeroengines, and numerical simulations of the three-dimensional reaction flowfields of the combustor during four load phases of takeoff, climb, approach, and idle, are conducted. Based on the numerical results, a simple chemical reactor network model with seven perfectly stirred reactors and a detailed chemical reactor network model using up to 15 perfectly stirred reactors are established. Using the developed chemical reactor network models and the detailed JP10 chemical reaction mechanism—composed of 374 step elementary reactions and 82 species, the emission variations of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide are predicted and compared with those estimated using an empirical formula and with the numerical results as a function of the combustion load. Using a combined chemical reactor network–computational fluid dynamics analysis method, the variations of the formation path, the mechanism, and the amounts of nitrogen oxides in the combustor and in the perfectly stirred reactors, are analyzed as a function of the combustion load. In addition, the effects of fuel and air pilot-to-total ratio on nitrogen oxides emissions for the 100% load condition are also analyzed. It is found that at high loads, the production rate of the thermal NO is the highest, while at low loads, the production rate of the prompt NO is the highest. The nitrogen oxide is mainly produced in the pilot zone and the recirculation zone, while its production in the outer main stage zone is low. The results show that the NOx emissions predicted by the complex chemical reactor network model are most consistent with those elicited using the empirical formula.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Predictions of NOx and CO emissions from a low-emission concentric staged combustor for civil aeroengines

Zhang

Hai

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

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“…The EDM model assumes that chemical reaction rates are higher than turbulent mixing. This model is useful in the simulation of all types of combustion systems (turbulent premixed and non-premixed combustion), mainly when it includes a fuel with a high reaction rate (Fichet et al, 2010;Hao, 2014;Kanniche, 2010;Russo et al, 2007;Frassoldati et al, 2009;Bulat et al, 2014). In this model, the fast reaction rates are controlled by the turbulent mixing rate, the kinetics usually defined by one-or two-step mechanisms and nonequilibrium is not considered.…”

Section: Ransmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the applications of the chemical reactor network approach on the prediction of pollutant emissions

Khodayari

Ommi

Saboohi

2020

AEAT

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the applications of the chemical reactor network (CRN) approach for modeling the combustion in gas turbine combustors and classify the CRN construction methods that have been frequently used by researchers. Design/methodology/approach This paper initiates with introducing the CRN approach as a practical tool for precisely predicting the species concentrations in the combustion process with lower computational costs. The structure of the CRN and its elements as the ideal reactors are reviewed in recent studies. Flow field modeling has been identified as the most important input for constructing the CRNs; thus, the flow field modeling methods have been extensively reviewed in previous studies. Network approach, component modeling approach and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as the main flow field modeling methods, are investigated with a focus on the CRN applications. Then, the CRN construction approaches are reviewed and categorized based on extracting the flow field required data. Finally, the most used kinetics and CRN solvers are reviewed and reported in this paper. Findings It is concluded that the CRN approach can be a useful tool in the entire process of combustion chamber design. One-dimensional and quasi-dimensional methods of flow field modeling are used in the construction of the simple CRNs without detailed geometry data. This approach requires fewer requirements and is used in the initial combustor designing process. In recent years, using the CFD approach in the construction of CRNs has been increased. The flow field results of the CFD codes processed to create the homogeneous regions based on construction criteria. Over the past years, several practical algorithms have been proposed to automatically extract reactor networks from CFD results. These algorithms have been developed to identify homogeneous regions with a high resolution based on the splitting criteria. Originality/value This paper reviews the various flow modeling methods used in the construction of the CRNs, along with an overview of the studies carried out in this field. Also, the usual approaches for creating a CRN and the most significant achievements in this field are addressed in detail.

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“…Researchers have long established that an Equivalent Reactor Network (ERN) can represent a reacting flowfield in a cost-effective and accurate way to account for detailed kinetics and to predict the behavior of a combustor or chemical process, including trace-species emissions. Gas-turbine manufacturers, for example, routinely use perfectly-stirred-reactor (PSR) and plug-flow-reactor (PFR) networks to model gas-turbine combustor behavior, particularly for predictions of CO and NOx emission levels, where detailed kinetics are required [6][7][8]. Kendrick, and coworkers at UTRC [6], for example, showed that networks of perfectly stirred reactors (PSRs) with detailed chemistry can accurately simulate an industrial combustor.…”

Section: Reactor Network and Energico® Softwarementioning

confidence: 99%

Package Equivalent Reactor Networks as Reduced Order Models for Use with CAPE-OPEN Compliant Simulation

Meeks¹,

Chou²,

Garratt³

2013

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Engineering simulations of coal gasifiers are typically performed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, where a 3-D representation of the gasifier equipment is used to model the fluid flow in the gasifier and source terms from the coal gasification process are captured using discrete-phase model source terms. Simulations using this approach can be very time consuming, making it difficult to imbed such models into overall system simulations for plant design and optimization. For such system-level designs, process flowsheet software is typically used, such as Aspen Plus® [1], where each component where each component is modeled using a reduced-order model. For advanced power-generation systems, such as integrated gasifier/gas-turbine combined-cycle systems (IGCC), the critical components determining overall process efficiency and emissions are usually the gasifier and combustor. Providing more accurate and more computationally efficient reduced-order models for these components, then, enables much more effective plant-level design optimization and design for control. Based on the CHEMKIN-PRO and ENERGICO software, we have developed an automated methodology for generating an advanced form of reduced-order model for gasifiers and combustors. The reducedorder model offers representation of key unit operations in flowsheet simulations, while allowing simulation that is fast enough to be used in iterative flowsheet calculations. Using high-fidelity fluiddynamics models as input, Reaction Design's ENERGICO® [2] software can automatically extract equivalent reactor networks (ERNs) from a CFD solution. For the advanced reduced-order concept, we introduce into the ERN a much more detailed kinetics model than can be included practically in the CFD simulation. The state-of-the-art chemistry solver technology within CHEMKIN-PRO allows that to be accomplished while still maintaining a very fast model turnaround time. In this way, the ERN becomes the basis for high-fidelity kinetics simulation, while maintaining the spatial information derived from the geometrically faithful CFD model.

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Micro Gas Turbine Combustor Emissions Evaluation Using the Chemical Reactor Modelling Approach

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Predictions of NOx and CO emissions from a low-emission concentric staged combustor for civil aeroengines

Predictions of NOx and CO emissions from a low-emission concentric staged combustor for civil aeroengines

A review on the applications of the chemical reactor network approach on the prediction of pollutant emissions

Package Equivalent Reactor Networks as Reduced Order Models for Use with CAPE-OPEN Compliant Simulation

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