Micro Kinetic Energy Harvesting for Autonomous Wearable Devices

Magno, Michele; Kneubuhler, Dario; Mayer, Philipp; Benini, Luca

doi:10.1109/speedam.2018.8445342

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…To the authors’ best knowledge, this work represents the first demonstration of a fully self-sustainable, battery-free multi-node sensor system designed and validated for hostile metal-rich scenarios, demonstrating that communication and power transfer to the sensor nodes is robust across different configurations of RF sources and receiving elements. With respect to solutions relying on different energy sources [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], the energy source itself is integrated and designed as part of the system, guaranteeing full control on the amount of available energy and continuous operation of the wireless sensor nodes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the key desired characteristics of an IIoT wireless sensor node is the capability to operate autonomously from energy harvesting (EH) rather than relying on bulky batteries, which have a limited lifetime, especially at high temperatures, and might require multiple replacements over the lifetime of a monitored artifact, thereby increasing maintenance cost. Several implementations of such sensors have been presented in the literature, e.g., relying on solar [ 2 , 3 ], wind [ 3 ], kinetic [ 4 ], thermal [ 5 ], thermoelectric [ 6 ] or piezoelectric [ 7 ] energy harvesting. The main limitations of these solutions are the unreliability of harvesting sources and the need for harvesters to be tailored to the specific deployment scenario.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RF-Powered Low-Energy Sensor Nodes for Predictive Maintenance in Electromagnetically Harsh Industrial Environments

Paolini

Guermandi

Masotti

et al. 2021

Sensors

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This work describes the design, implementation, and validation of a wireless sensor network for predictive maintenance and remote monitoring in metal-rich, electromagnetically harsh environments. Energy is provided wirelessly at 2.45 GHz employing a system of three co-located active antennas designed with a conformal shape such that it can power, on-demand, sensor nodes located in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and difficult-to-reach positions. This allows for eliminating the periodic battery replacement of the customized sensor nodes, which are designed to be compact, low-power, and robust. A measurement campaign has been conducted in a real scenario, i.e., the engine compartment of a car, assuming the exploitation of the system in the automotive field. Our work demonstrates that a one radio-frequency (RF) source (illuminator) with a maximum effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 27 dBm is capable of transferring the energy of 4.8 mJ required to fully charge the sensor node in less than 170 s, in the worst case of 112-cm distance between illuminator and node (NLOS). We also show how, in the worst case, the transferred power allows the node to operate every 60 s, where operation includes sampling accelerometer data for 1 s, extracting statistical information, transmitting a 20-byte payload, and receiving a 3-byte acknowledgment using the extremely robust Long Range (LoRa) communication technology. The energy requirement for an active cycle is between 1.45 and 1.65 mJ, while sleep mode current consumption is less than 150 nA, allowing for achieving the targeted battery-free operation with duty cycles as high as 1.7%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RF-Powered Low-Energy Sensor Nodes for Predictive Maintenance in Electromagnetically Harsh Industrial Environments

Paolini

Guermandi

Masotti

et al. 2021

Sensors

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Therefore, it is predicted that energy harvesting will be an essential part of the high power future wearables [188]. Many researchers already work on various opportunities to enable this feature, including microkinetic energy harvesting systems utilizing frequencies occurring in human motion to harvest energy [189], powering wearables with solar energy harvesting [190], self-powering smart fabric [191] and wireless power transfer for implantables [192], [193]. Considering the increasing power requirement of the IoT devices, some researchers have proposed green energy harvesting solutions for IoT devices [194].…”

Section: Challenges and Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Energy Efficiency in the Internet of Wearable Things: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Personal mobile devices such as smartwatches, smart jewelry, and smart clothes have launched a new trend in the Internet of Things (IoT) era, namely the Internet of Wearable Things (IoWT). These wearables are small IoT devices capable of sensing, storing, processing, and exchanging data to assist users by improving their everyday life tasks through various applications. However, the IoWT has also brought new challenges for the research community to address such as increasing demand for enhanced computational power, better communication capabilities, improved security and privacy features, reduced form factor, minimal weight, and better comfort. Most wearables are battery-powered devices that need to be recharged-therefore, the limited battery life remains the bottleneck leading to the need to enhance the energy efficiency of wearables, thus, becoming an active research area. This paper presents a survey of energy-efficient solutions proposed for diverse IoWT applications by following the systematic literature review method. The available techniques published from 2010 to 2020 are scrutinized, and the taxonomy of the available solutions is presented based on the targeted application area. Moreover, a comprehensive qualitative analysis compares the proposed studies in each application area in terms of their advantages, disadvantages, and main contributions. Furthermore, a list of the most significant performance parameters is provided. A more in-depth discussion of the main techniques to enhance wearables' energy efficiency is presented by highlighting the trade-offs involved. Finally, some potential future research directions are highlighted.

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“…However, this technology has not matured enough yet to be found in commercial PMICs. Another form of active rectification is the Negative Voltage Converter (NVC)—a bridge rectifier implemented with MOSFETs (and an active diode) that reduces the device voltage drop, when compared against using a diode rectifier [30].…”

Section: Power Management For Em-vehmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Vibration Energy Harvester and Power Management Solution for Battery-Free Operation of Wireless Sensor Nodes

Rodrı́guez

Nico

Punch

2019

Sensors

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Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvesting (EM-VEH) is an attractive alternative to batteries as a power source for wireless sensor nodes that enable intelligence at the edge of the Internet of Things (IoT). Industrial environments in particular offer an abundance of available kinetic energy, in the form of machinery vibrations that can be converted into electrical power through energy harvesting techniques. These ambient vibrations are generally broadband, and multi-modal harvesting configurations can be exploited to improve the mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion. However, the additional challenge of energy conditioning (AC-to-DC conversion) to make the harvested energy useful brings into question what specific type of performance is to be expected in a real industrial application. This paper reports the operation of two practical IoT sensor nodes, continuously powered by the vibrations of a standard industrial compressor, using a multi-modal EM-VEH device, integrated with customised power management. The results show that the device and the power management circuit provide sufficient energy to receive and transmit data at intervals of less than one minute with an overall efficiency of about 30%. Descriptions of the system, test-bench, and the measured outcomes are presented.

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Micro Kinetic Energy Harvesting for Autonomous Wearable Devices

Cited by 32 publications

References 15 publications

RF-Powered Low-Energy Sensor Nodes for Predictive Maintenance in Electromagnetically Harsh Industrial Environments

RF-Powered Low-Energy Sensor Nodes for Predictive Maintenance in Electromagnetically Harsh Industrial Environments

Towards Energy Efficiency in the Internet of Wearable Things: A Systematic Review

A Vibration Energy Harvester and Power Management Solution for Battery-Free Operation of Wireless Sensor Nodes

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