Micro-mass standards to calibrate the sensitivity of mass comparators

Madec, Tanguy; Mann, Gaëlle; Meury, Paul-André; Rabault, Thierry

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/44/5/002

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This mass standard produces a force (dead weight) of about 10 mN. It should be noted that micro-mass standards having nominal values between 900 and 100 mg have been produced at LNE [13,14] and are used as references for calibration. Since then, other laboratories are engaged in the realization of such standards (NPL, PTB, INMRomania, METAS, etc.)…”

Section: Force Generated With Dead Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traceability of small force measurements and the future international system of units (SI)

Khélifa

Averlant

Himbert

2016

Int. J. Metrol. Qual. Eng.

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Abstract. The unit of force is connected to the international prototype of the kilogramme, unit of mass in the international system of units (SI), via dead weight machines using calibrated masses. However, forces below 10 mN, ubiquitous in nature and in some devices cannot be measured with a traceability to the SI. The measurement, with the uncertainty of these forces has implications for both basic and applied science. Today, many emerging sectors in micro/nanotechnology and biotechnology have started producing and using systems to implement low forces that, for various reasons, require them to be traceable. Also, the revision of the SI, scheduled for 2018 year, of linking the definitions of the kilogramme, the ampere, the kelvin and the mole to fixed numerical values of fundamental constants, has aroused particular interest in the measurement and calibration of small forces. In this paper, we will give some indications of the state of the art on the small force with a focus on the development of a force sensor using a photoelastic crystal as a monolithic solid-state laser. Basically, the force to be measured is applied to the crystal induces a birefringence in the laser medium which in turn manifests itself by the appearance of a splitting between the frequencies associated with the two polarization components of the oscillating laser mode. This difference is then exploited because, within the elastic limit of the crystal, it is proportional to the force acting on the laser.

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Section: Force Generated With Dead Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traceability of small force measurements and the future international system of units (SI)

Khélifa

Averlant

Himbert

2016

Int. J. Metrol. Qual. Eng.

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“…Dans les sources d'incertitudes sur le résultat d'un étalonnage de masse par comparaison à un étalon intervient l'erreur due à l'écart de sensibilité du comparateur utilisé. Pour évaluer cette source d'incertitude, les utilisateurs de ces comparateurs n'avaient pas d'autres choix que d'utiliser les caractéristiques annoncées par les constructeurs de comparateurs ou de déterminer cet écart de sensibilité à des valeurs plus élevées ( deux séries de microétalons de masse spécifiques de valeur nominale comprise entre 100 μg et 900 μg par pas de 100 μg [4]. Ces microétalons, une fois qualifiés et étalonnés, ont été utilisés pour caractériser les écarts de sensibilité des comparateurs de masse du laboratoire de plus haut niveau métrologique servant à réaliser la dissémination de la masse à partir du kilogramme entre 1 mg et 10 kg.…”

Section: Exemple 1 : Détermination De L'écart De Sensibilité Des Comp...unclassified

Extension de la dissémination de l’unité de masse entre 1 mg et 100 μg

Madec¹,

Mann²,

Meury³

et al. 2012

R. franç. métrol.

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Le plus petit étalon de masse commercialisé jusque là était d'un milligramme. Or l'émergence de nouveaux besoins a conduit le Laboratoire commun de métrologie LNE-CNAM à développer plusieurs séries de nouveaux étalons de valeurs nominales inférieures au milligramme, descendant jusqu'à une valeur de 100 μg. Après la qualification de ces nouveaux étalons et après une première exploitation de ceux-ci pour mieux caractériser les comparateurs de meilleur niveau métrologique, une étude de stabilité a été entreprise. Cette étude a été conduite sur deux ans à partir de cinq étalonnages successifs. Malgré la fragilité évidente des étalons, l'étude démontre que les précautions d'utilisation et de stockage retenues sont pertinentes car il n'est pas observé de dérive significative. Enfin pour valoriser ce développement, le laboratoire a obtenu une extension de son accréditation pour les étalonnages de masses permettant ainsi d'étendre la limite basse de la portée d'accréditation de 1 mg à 100 μg.

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“…Although very small wire test masses can be used as portable references for forces as small as approximately 0.5 µN [10,11], the traceability of these test masses currently requires subdivision from the kilogram, and the uncertainties associated with the calibration of the test masses will increase as smaller test masses are generated, complicating direct comparison of photon pressure forces to gravitational forces from calibrated weights. The use of diminishingly small test masses as portable force references also incurs practical difficulties as the masses are progressively more difficult to handle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EFB configuration. Left schematic: balance mechanism (1), inner capacitor cylinder (2), outer capacitor cylinder (3), buckling spring (4), tip-tilt stage (5), EFB photon pressure force extension (6), aluminum thermal barrier(7), DBR mirrors (8), stabilized He-Ne laser (9), differential Michaelson interferometer(10), EFB base (11), vacuum system enclosure, dashed line(12). Right: photograph of apparatus, numbers shown correspond to the same components in the schematic.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of electrostatic and photon pressure force references at the nanonewton level

et al. 2019

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This work describes a metrological comparison between nanonewton force references derived from an electrostatic force balance and photon pressure from laser optical power in the 1-Watt range. An Electrostatic Force Balance is used to measure photon pressure force in the 10 nanonewton range from the reflection of a laser from a low (approximately 10 -5 ) loss III-V semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector mirror while the power of the reflected beam was simultaneously monitored with a traceable thermopile detector. This work demonstrates a method to link mass, force and laser power within the International System of Units with explicit treatment of absorption, diffuse reflection, and a detailed uncertainty analysis. Additionally, it demonstrates a viable method to scale this force continuously using a pulsed laser technique while maintaining the constant thermal load necessary for precision measurement of nanonewton forces with a mechanical balance.

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Micro-mass standards to calibrate the sensitivity of mass comparators

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

Traceability of small force measurements and the future international system of units (SI)

Traceability of small force measurements and the future international system of units (SI)

Extension de la dissémination de l’unité de masse entre 1 mg et 100 μg

Comparison of electrostatic and photon pressure force references at the nanonewton level

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