Micro‐RNA‐31 controls hair cycle‐associated changes in gene expression programs of the skin and hair follicle

Abstract

The hair follicle is a cyclic biological system that progresses through stages of growth, regression, and quiescence, which involves dynamic changes in a program of gene regulation. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are critically important for the control of gene expression and silencing. Here, we show that global miRNA expression in the skin markedly changes during distinct stages of the hair cycle in mice. Furthermore, we show that expression of miR-31 markedly increases during anagen and decreases during catagen and telogen. Administration of antisense miR-31 inhibitor into mouse skin during the early- and midanagen phases of the hair cycle results in accelerated anagen development, and altered differentiation of hair matrix keratinocytes and hair shaft formation. Microarray, qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that miR-31 negatively regulates expression of Fgf10, the components of Wnt and BMP signaling pathways Sclerostin and BAMBI, and Dlx3 transcription factor, as well as selected keratin genes, both in vitro and in vivo. Using luciferase reporter assay, we show that Krt16, Krt17, Dlx3, and Fgf10 serve as direct miR-31 targets. Thus, by targeting a number of growth regulatory molecules and cytoskeletal proteins, miR-31 is involved in establishing an optimal balance of gene expression in the hair follicle required for its proper growth and hair fiber formation

Combination of let-7d-5p, miR-26a-5p, and miR-15a-5p is suitable normalizer for studying microRNA expression in skin tissue of Liaoning cashmere goat during hair follicle cycle

“…The relative expressions of miR- 24-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-145a-5p, and miR-205-5p are presented in Figure 3. On the whole, the expression patterns of the 4 microRNAs analyzed were similar to those recorded in the skin of mouse during hair follicle cycling (Mardaryev et al 2010). On the other hand, although a highly similar change doi: 10.17221/8782-CJAS trend was observed for each microRNA analyzed between using 3 combined references (let-7d-5p, miR-26a-5p, and miR-15a-5p) and one single reference (let-7d-5p), significant differences were revealed for each microRNA in the relative expression at telogen stage (P < 0.05) (Figure 3).…”

“…Secondly, Met-tRNA was not typically used in skin tissue related experiments of goats, however, it was used as normalizer for miRNA expression data in various tissues of human and mouse (Liu et al 2004), and was explored as candidate reference RNA in other organs of ruminants, such as the mammary gland of yak (Bai et al 2013). Thirdly, the expressions of the 6 candidate reference miRNAs (let-7d-5p, miR-15a-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-214-3p, and miR-221-3p) were found to be relatively stable in the skin of mouse during hair follicle cycling (Mardaryev et al 2010).…”

MicroRNA-31 Is Overexpressed in Psoriasis and Modulates Inflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Production in Keratinocytes via Targeting Serine/Threonine Kinase 40

“…36). In mouse skin, miR-31 has been shown to control hair cycle-associated gene expression programs (37). However, its role in skin diseases and in particular, psoriasis, was unknown.…”

microRNA-31/factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 nexus regulates keratinocyte differentiation

“…In the epidermis, miR-31 is primarily expressed in the growing (anagen) hair follicles in mice (31). Interestingly, expression profiling indicated that with respect to the ocular anterior segmental epithelium, miR-31 is a corneal epithelial-preferred miRNA (32).…”