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ABSTRACTIn this paper, a 3D detailed micro-model for the in-plane and out-of-plane numerical analysis of masonry structures is proposed. Representative Elements consisting of one brick and few mortar layers are explicitly modelled using 3D solid finite elements obeying to plastic-damage constitutive laws (one for brick and one for mortar) conceived in the framework of nonassociated plasticity. This permits to represent the brick and mortar mechanical behaviour when cracking and/or crushing occur. Representative Elements are assembled, accounting for any actual 3D through-thickness arrangement of masonry, by means of zero-thickness cohesive interfaces based on the contact penalty method. In the pre-failure of interfaces, all the significant deformability of the system is addressed to the 3D finite elements. A Mohr-Coulomb failure surface with tension cut-off is adopted. The post-failure interfacial response is characterized by a cohesive behaviour in tension and a cohesive-frictional behaviour in shear, which appears consistent with small-scale tests outcomes. Experimental-numerical comparisons are provided for the in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour of masonry panels. The accuracy and the potentialities of the modelling approach are shown. The direct characterization of all the model parameters from small-scale tests, as well as their clear mechanical meaning constitute further appealing qualities of the model proposed.