Micro-spike EEG electrode and the vacuum-casting technology for mass production

Ng, W.C.; Seet, H.L.; Lee, K.S.; Ning, Nanying; Tai, W.X.; Sutedja, M.; Fuh, Jerry Ying Hsi; Li, X.P.

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.10.051

Cited by 89 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[ 10 ] Several studies report the fabrication of microstructures on the surface of the electrodes in order to increase the surface area and decrease the electrode impedance. [11][12][13][14] We recently reported the use of conducting polymers as dry electrodes with enhanced performance. [ 15 ] Another solution involves the use of spring-loaded contacts embedded in a fl exible substrate.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adhm201300614mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid Gel‐Assisted Electrodes for Long‐Term Cutaneous Recordings

Leleux

Johnson

Strakosas

et al. 2014

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Section: Doi: 101002/adhm201300614mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid Gel‐Assisted Electrodes for Long‐Term Cutaneous Recordings

Leleux

Johnson

Strakosas

et al. 2014

Adv Healthcare Materials

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“…The approaches range from developing hydrogel-based electrode (Alba et al, 2010) to numerous versions of dry electrodes. Dry electrode solutions include electrodes that are integrated into the wearable material (contactless electrodes) or affixed on top of the scalp (insulated electrodes) (Alizadeh- Taheri et al, 1996;Harland et al, 2002;von Ellenreider et al, 2006;Sullivan et al, 2007;Fonseca et al, 2007;Chi et al, 2009), electrodes that penetrate the outer layer of the skin (Ruffini et al, 2006;Ruffini et al, 2008;Griss et al, 2002;Gramatica et al, 2006;Chiou et al, 2006;Matteucci et al, 2007;Lin et al, 2008;Chang and Chiou, 2009;Ng et al, 2009;Dias et al, 2010), and dry contact electrodes that exhibit galvanic contact to the skin without the usage of additional electrolyte (Taheri et al, 1994;Matthews et al, 2007;Gargiulo et al, 2010). Due to skin damage they can cause, users might be exposed to a higher risk of infection and skin irritation (Ferree et al, 2001) for all dry electrode types except the last one -dry contact electrodes.…”

Section: Eeg Acquisition Systems In Bci: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

TO WHAT EXTENT CAN DRY AND WATER-BASED EEG ELECTRODES REPLACE CONDUCTIVE GEL ONES? - A Steady State Visual Evoked Potential Brain-computer Interface Case Study

Mihajlović

Garcia-Molina

Peuscher³

2012

Proceedings of the International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices

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Abstract:Recent technological advances in the field of skin electrodes and on-body sensors indicate a possibility of having an alternative to the traditionally used conductive gel electrodes for measuring electrical signals of the brain (electroencephalogram, EEG). This paper evaluates whether water-based and dry contact electrode solutions can replace the gel ones. The quality of the obtained signal by three headsets, each using 8 electrodes of a different type, is estimated on the steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) brain-computer interface (BCI) use case. The stimuli frequencies in the low (12 to 21Hz) and high (28 to 40Hz) frequency domain were used. Six people, that had different hair length and type, participated in the experiment. SSVEP response in terms of power spectra across different electrodes is compared and the impact of noise on temporal characteristics of the response is discussed. For people with shorter hair style the performance of water-based and dry electrodes comes close to the gel ones in the optimal setting. On average, the classification accuracy of 0.63 for dry and 0.88 for water-based electrodes is achieved, compared to the 0.96 obtained for gel electrodes. The theoretical maximum of the average information transfer rate across participants was 23bpm for dry, 38bpm for water-based and 67bpm for gel electrodes. Furthermore, the convenience level of all three setups was seen as comparable. These results demonstrate that, having optimized headset and electrode design for dry and water-based electrodes for people with different hair length and type, dry and water-based electrodes can replace gel ones in BCIs and Neurofeedback applications where lower communication speed is acceptable.

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“…Thus, a dry bioelectrode can be used in the long-term recording process without conductive gel and skin preparation, which also has several obvious advantages such as lower impedance variations, smaller electrochemical noise, better stability, and convenient use. Several fabrication methods for bioelectrodes, micromachining such as wet etching processing [9][10][11][12], reactive ion etching [13,14] method [15], and 3D printing [16] have been developed to measure the physiological signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, Griss et al [13,14] developed the deep reactive ion etching method to fabricate spike electrodes using silicon that was subsequently covered with a Ag/AgCl double layer to reduce electrode interface noise. Ng et al [15] developed the vacuum casting method to fabricate microspike dry EEG electrodes, characterized the sensing performance in terms of the impedance level and stability, and showed a much higher efficiency in EEG measurements. Salvo et al [16] develop the 3D printing technology to fabricate electrodes with 180 conical needles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%