Microbe‐mediated Plant–soil Feedback Causes Historical Contingency Effects in Plant Community Assembly

Kardol, Paul; Cornips, Nelleke J.; Kempen, Monique M. L. van; Bakx-Schotman, J.M.T.; Putten, Wim H. van der

doi:10.1890/06-0502

Cited by 445 publications

(472 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Plant-soil microbiota feedbacks can influence plant species diversity, relative abundance patterns, community succession and species invasions (Klironomos 2002;Wolfe & Klironomos 2005;Kardol, Bezemer & van der Putten 2006;Kardol et al 2007;Rudgers, Fischer & Clay 2010). If plant species differ in the soil communities they cultivate and in their response to those communities in non-transitive ways, then these relationships could result in intransitive competitive networks among plant species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant–soil feedbacks contribute to an intransitive competitive network that promotes both genetic and species diversity

et al. 2010

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Summary1. Plant communities are generally thought to follow strict competitive hierarchies, in which species can be linearly ordered according to their ability to compete for a few limiting resources. Such strict hierarchies should lead to reduced diversity, since the single best competitor will eventually exclude the other species. However, more complex dynamics may emerge if different plant species or genotypes compete in different ways, such as through the release of toxic allelochemicals or the alteration of soil microbial communities. 2. Brassica nigra genotypes and their competitor species show a 'rock-paper-scissors' like dynamic, in which no one type is competitively superior to all others. This intransitive dynamic can maintain both species diversity and genetic variation in an allelochemical trait of B. nigra. 3. Here we show that feedbacks with soil biota, probably involving arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, facilitate these dynamics. Brassica nigra genotypes that invest heavily in the allelochemical sinigrin reduce mycorrhizal abundance of surrounding soils, which reduces the growth of heterospecific competitors. Since B. nigra is non-mycorrhizal, investment in sinigrin does not improve a genotype's ability to compete with other conspecifics. 4. Synthesis. These results highlight the importance of complex soil communities for the maintenance of both genetic and species diversity in plant communities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant–soil feedbacks contribute to an intransitive competitive network that promotes both genetic and species diversity

et al. 2010

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“…Among these, the enemy release hypothesis proposes that the success of invasive species can be explained by their release from natural enemies found in their native range (Keane and Crawley 2002). Recent studies that investigated interactions between plants and soil organisms observed that negative feedbacks play a significant role in plant performance in mixed grassland communities (Bever 1994, Bever et al 1997, Klironomos 2002, Kardol et al 2007, Petermann et al 2008, Harrison and Bardgett 2010. Negative soil feedbacks can enhance species coexistence due to a form of a Janzen-Conell effect (Bever et al 1997, Packer and Clay 2000, Petermann et al 2008, McCarthy-Neumann and Kobe 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In their native range, invasive plants are held in check by negative soil-feedbacks

Zuppinger‐Dingley¹,

Schmid²,

Chen³

et al. 2011

Ecosphere

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Abstract. The ability of some plant species to dominate communities in new biogeographical ranges has been attributed to an innate higher competitive ability and release from co-evolved specialist enemies. Specifically, invasive success in the new range might be explained by release from biotic negative soilfeedbacks, which control potentially dominant species in their native range. To test this hypothesis, we grew individuals from sixteen phylogenetically paired European grassland species that became either invasive or naturalized in new ranges, in either sterilized soil or in sterilized soil with unsterilized soil inoculum from their native home range. We found that although the native members of invasive species generally performed better than those of naturalized species, these native members of invasive species also responded more negatively to native soil inoculum than did the native members of naturalized species. This supports our hypothesis that potentially invasive species in their native range are held in check by negative soil-feedbacks. However, contrary to expectation, negative soil-feedbacks in potentially invasive species were not much increased by interspecific competition. There was no significant variation among families between invasive and naturalized species regarding their feedback response (negative vs. neutral). Therefore, we conclude that the observed negative soil feedbacks in potentially invasive species may be quite widespread in European families of typical grassland species.Key words: biotic interactions; enemy release; invasive species; native range; naturalized species; plant invasions; plant-soil feedbacks; soil inoculation; soil sterilization.

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“…Earlier studies concerning nutrient cycling PSF often neglected the roles of microbial decomposers in controlling the soil nutrient pool size, except some studies on microbial pathogens and symbionts that directly interact with plants (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). However, recent studies in microbial ecology have started to challenge this plantcentered view of plant-soil systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Functional diversity of microbial decomposers facilitates plant coexistence in a plant–microbe–soil feedback model

Miki

Ushio

Fukui

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

140

117

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Theory and empirical evidence suggest that plant-soil feedback (PSF) determines the structure of a plant community and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. The plant community alters the nutrient pool size in soil by affecting litter decomposition processes, which in turn shapes the plant community, forming a PSF system. However, the role of microbial decomposers in PSF function is often overlooked, and it remains unclear whether decomposers reinforce or weaken littermediated plant control over nutrient cycling. Here, we present a theoretical model incorporating the functional diversity of both plants and microbial decomposers. Two fundamental microbial processes are included that control nutrient mineralization from plant litter: (i) assimilation of mineralized nutrient into the microbial biomass (microbial immobilization), and (ii) release of the microbial nutrients into the inorganic nutrient pool (net mineralization). With this model, we show that microbial diversity may act as a buffer that weakens plant control over the soil nutrient pool, reversing the sign of PSF from positive to negative and facilitating plant coexistence. This is explained by the decoupling of litter decomposability and nutrient pool size arising from a flexible change in the microbial community composition and decomposition processes in response to variations in plant litter decomposability. Our results suggest that the microbial community plays a central role in PSF function and the plant community structure. Furthermore, the results strongly imply that the plant-centered view of nutrient cycling should be changed to a plant-microbe-soil feedback system, by incorporating the community ecology of microbial decomposers and their functional diversity.here is a long-standing view that a plant controls the soil conditions (e.g., size of inorganic nutrient pool) via litter supply in terrestrial ecosystems. On the basis of this view, a plant community and local soil conditions are understood as an outcome of the plant-soil codevelopment process. A change in the composition of a plant community leads to a change in litter quality, which alters the local nutrient cycling process and soil conditions; the changed soil conditions may in turn drive a further change in plant community composition. Those two processes taken together form a plant-soil feedback (PSF), a major driver of plant community dynamics and nutrient cycling [1, 2 (and references therein), 3].Litter quality is a key plant trait that determines whether PSF supports or inhibits the coexistence of plant species. Both empirical (4-6) and theoretical (7-9) evidence indicate that litter-mediated PSF from the dominant species in a plant community can be positive (favoring species dominance) or negative (favoring competitor invasion), depending on the combinations of litter quality and nutrient competition strategy. If the dominant species favors nutrient-rich sites and produces a quickly decomposing litter, then the accelerated nutrient cycling maintains a competitive advantage...

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Microbe‐mediated Plant–soil Feedback Causes Historical Contingency Effects in Plant Community Assembly

Cited by 445 publications

References 68 publications

Plant–soil feedbacks contribute to an intransitive competitive network that promotes both genetic and species diversity

Plant–soil feedbacks contribute to an intransitive competitive network that promotes both genetic and species diversity

In their native range, invasive plants are held in check by negative soil-feedbacks

Functional diversity of microbial decomposers facilitates plant coexistence in a plant–microbe–soil feedback model

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