Microbial biodiversity of meadows under different modes of land use: catabolic and genetic fingerprinting

Abstract

The main goal of the study was to find differences in the bacterial community structure resulting from different ways of meadow management in order to get the first insight into microbial biodiversity in meadow samples. The next generation sequencing technique (454-pyrosequencing) was accompanied with the community level physiological profiling (CLPP) method in order to acquire combined knowledge of both genetic and catabolic bacterial fingerprinting of two studied meadows (hayland and pasture). Soil samples (FAO: Mollic Gleysol) were taken in April 2015 from the surface layer (0–20 cm). Significant differences of the bacterial community structure between the two analyzed meadows resulted from different land mode were evidenced by pyrosequencing and CLPP techniques. It was found that Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria dominated in the hayland, whereas Delta- and Betaproteobacteria prevailed in the pasture. Additionally, the hayland displayed lower Firmicutes diversity than the pasture. Predominant bacterial taxa: Acidobacteria, together with Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes seemed to be insensitive to the mode of land use, because their abundance remained at a similar level in the both studied meadows. The CLPP analysis confirmed much faster degradation of the carbon sources by microorganisms from the hayland rather than from the pasture. Amino acids were the most favoured carbon source groups utilized by microorganisms in contrast to carbohydrates, which were utilized to the lowest extent. The study clearly proved that the consequences of even moderate anthropogenic management are always changes in bacterial community structure and their metabolic activity. Bacterial taxa that are sensitive and resistant on modes of land use were determined.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11274-017-2318-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Analysis of Soil Properties, Bacterial Community Composition, and Metabolic Diversity in Fluvisols of a Floodplain Area

“…Although the Fluvisols examined are also classified as sand loam due to their textural composition, the soils differ in physical-chemical parameters. The Gleysol analysed by Wolińska et al [51] was more acidic (pH~5.9) than that analysed here. Literature reports indicate that soil microbiomes may be dependent on both soil type and pH [6,[56][57][58].…”

“…Actinobacteria (average 60.56%) proved to be the dominant bacterial phylum in the three analysed Fluvisols, followed by Proteobacteria (average 21.85%). In the study of meadows located on Gleysol, the dominant phylum was Proteobacteria, while Actinobacteria occurred in a much lower amount (third place among the dominant phyla; less than 10% abundance) [51]. Although the Fluvisols examined are also classified as sand loam due to their textural composition, the soils differ in physical-chemical parameters.…”

“…The EcoPlate™ often reveals high carbohydrate consumption by soil microorganisms, along with the low utilisation of amines and amides [49,50], which is consistent with the present results ( Figure 4). However, studies by Wolińska et al [51] have demonstrated a particularly high consumption of amino acids and low consumption of carbohydrates. This difference may result from differences in soil pH and particle size distribution.…”

Community-Level Physiological Profiles of Microorganisms from Different Types of Soil That Are Characteristic to Poland—A Long-Term Microplot Experiment

“…By excluding the changing climatic conditions, locations, and agrotechnical treatments, the study focused on comparing the catabolic potential of microorganisms in different soil types. This is important because in research work it has been stated that the microbiological activity of soils is mainly influenced by applied agricultural management and fertilization [49][50][51]. Research by Jesus et al [52] showed that the type of plant community was a more important driver of soil microbial activity than the soil type.…”

Characterization of microbial functional and genetic diversity as a novel strategy of biowaste ecotoxicological evaluation

“…Interpretation of the CLPPs was based on metabolic profiles obtained using Biolog ® ECO plates designed by Insam (1997) for the bacterial community, Biolog ® FF plates for aerobic fungal community, and Biolog ® AN plates for the anaerobic microbial community. The recent study of Borowik et al (2017) or Wolińska et al (2017) shows that the Biolog ® system is an useful tool to explore the shifts in microbial community functional diversity of different environments. One gram portions of biowaste/ biogas residues were shaken in 99 ml of sterile peptone water for 20 min at 20 °C and followed by incubation at 4 °C for 30 min.…”