Microbial Biopolymers: The Exopolysaccharides

Angelina,; Vijayendra, S. V. N.

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2595-9_8

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…However, since the yields and properties of microbial EPS are most directly dependent on a variety of external factors, whose efficiency, in turn, are highly strain-dependent Goyal 2012, Vettori et al 2012a), it is difficult to select the relevant factors and define their levels in order to maximize the yield of dextran with the desired properties (Majumder et al 2009;Patel et al 2012). In this regard, extensive studies have been performed to improve dextran production in many Leuconostoc strains using both whole culture and enzymatic methods, as well as various optimization techniques (Angelina and Vijayendra 2015;Majumder et al 2009;Patel et al 2012;Vijayendra and Shamala 2013;Vijayendra and Sharath Babu 2008). Among them, the most important and widely used are the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) technique and the response surface methodology (RSM), which, respectively, allow to assess the impact of one single factor, because while changing one parameter others are kept constant or permit to evaluate simultaneous effects of several parameters by using multivariate techniques (Bezerra et al 2008;Wahid and Nadir 2012).…”

Section: Production Methods Strains and Optimum Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, EPS released into the environment can possess physicochemical and functional properties that make them important products of microbial synthesis with a broad and versatile biotechnological potential (Barcelos et al 2019;Giavasis 2013). EPS can be synthesized by a wide range of taxonomically very diverse bacteria, archaea, fungi and algae (Angelina and Vijayendra 2015;Ates 2015;Donot et al 2012). Among them, bacteria are of particular importance, including the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from several (Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc,Weisella) genera (Patel and Prajapati 2013;Sanalibaba and Cakmak 2016) which are capable of producing structurally diverse EPS with valuable functional properties, and thus with a wide range of actual and potential applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extracellular polysaccharides produced by bacteria of the Leuconostoc genus

Zikmanis

Brants²,

Koļesovs

et al. 2020

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Structurally diverse biopolymers, including extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), synthesized by bacteria can possess physicochemical and functional properties that make them important products of microbial synthesis with a broad and versatile biotechnological potential. Leuconostoc spp. belongs to the group of lactic acid bacteria as one of the predominant members and are relevant not only in varied food fermentations, but also can be employed in the production of extracellular homopolysaccharides (HoPS) such as α-glucans (dextran, alternan) and β-fructans (levan,inulin) from the sucrose-containing substrates. EPS are synthesized by specific Leuconostoc spp. extracellular glycosyltransferases [dextran sucrase, alternansucrase (ASR)] and fructosyltransferases (levansucrase, inulosucrase) and enzymatic reactions can be performed in whole culture systems as well as using cell-free enzymes. Both α-glucans and β-fructans have a wide range of properties, mostly depending on their pattern of linkages, which, although differing in some respects, make suitable prerequisites for their versatile application in many fields, especially in the food industry and biomedicine. As a rule, these properties (polymer type, molecular mass, rheological parameters), as well as the overall EPS yield, are strain-specific for the selected producers and depend to a large extent on the nutritional and growth conditions used, which in many cases remain not sufficiently optimized for Leuconostoc spp. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the potential of Leuconostoc spp. to produce commercially relevant EPS, including information on their applications in various fields, producer strains, production methods and techniques used, selected conditions, the productivity of bioprocesses as well as the possible use of renewable resources for their development.

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Section: Production Methods Strains and Optimum Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular polysaccharides produced by bacteria of the Leuconostoc genus

Zikmanis

Brants²,

Koļesovs

et al. 2020

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For instance, biopolymers derived from plants are based on cellulose, lignin, starch, and alginate, while silk, wool, chitin, chitosan, and collagen are examples of natural biopolymers derived from biomass. Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) are biopolymers fabricated from microorganisms during a microbial/ bacterial fermentation or reaction [22][23][24]. As a result of global environmental concerns, the industrial demand for biopolymers fabricated from natural materials has increased.…”

Section: Biopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polylactic Acid Composites Reinforced with Eggshell/CaCO3 Filler Particles: A Review

Homavand,

Cree,

Wilson

2024

Waste

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Statistics reveal that egg production has increased in recent decades. This growth suggests there is a global rise in available eggshell biomass due to the current underutilization of this bio-waste material. A number of different applications for waste eggshells (WEGs) are known, that include their use as an additive in human/animal food, soil amendment, cosmetics, catalyst, sorbent, and filler in polymer composites. In this article, worldwide egg production and leading countries are examined, in addition to a discussion of the various applications of eggshell biomass. Eggshells are a rich supplement of calcium carbonate; therefore, they can be added as a particulate filler to polymer composites. In turn, the addition of a lower-cost filler, such as eggshell or calcium carbonate, can reduce overall material fabrication costs. Polylactic acid (PLA) is currently a high-demand biopolymer, where the fabrication of PLA composites has gained increasing attention due to its eco-friendly properties. In this review, PLA composites that contain calcium carbonate or eggshells are emphasized, and the mechanical properties of the composites (e.g., tensile strength, flexural strength, tensile elastic modulus, flexural modulus, and elongation (%) at break) are investigated. The results from this review reveal that the addition of eggshell/calcium carbonate to PLA reduces the tensile and flexural strength of PLA composites, whereas an increase in the tensile and flexural modulus, and elongation (%) at break of composites are described herein.

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“…Various fermentative strategies [ 55 ] and downstream processing techniques for production and purification of EPS and PHAs [ 56 ] have also been described. To make the biopolymers cost-effective, they are being widely produced using various industrial by-products, thereby solving the problem of industrial waste disposal after they are generated.…”

Section: Synthesis and Production Of Bacterial Biopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Biopolymer: Its Role in Pathogenesis to Effective Biomaterials

et al. 2021

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Bacteria are considered as the major cell factories, which can effectively convert nitrogen and carbon sources to a wide variety of extracellular and intracellular biopolymers like polyamides, polysaccharides, polyphosphates, polyesters, proteinaceous compounds, and extracellular DNA. Bacterial biopolymers find applications in pathogenicity, and their diverse materialistic and chemical properties make them suitable to be used in medicinal industries. When these biopolymer compounds are obtained from pathogenic bacteria, they serve as important virulence factors, but when they are produced by non-pathogenic bacteria, they act as food components or biomaterials. There have been interdisciplinary studies going on to focus on the molecular mechanism of synthesis of bacterial biopolymers and identification of new targets for antimicrobial drugs, utilizing synthetic biology for designing and production of innovative biomaterials. This review sheds light on the mechanism of synthesis of bacterial biopolymers and its necessary modifications to be used as cell based micro-factories for the production of tailor-made biomaterials for high-end applications and their role in pathogenesis.

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Microbial Biopolymers: The Exopolysaccharides

Cited by 9 publications

References 93 publications

Extracellular polysaccharides produced by bacteria of the Leuconostoc genus

Extracellular polysaccharides produced by bacteria of the Leuconostoc genus

Polylactic Acid Composites Reinforced with Eggshell/CaCO3 Filler Particles: A Review

Bacterial Biopolymer: Its Role in Pathogenesis to Effective Biomaterials

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