Microbial Biosensors for Rapid Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand: Approaches, Tendencies and Development Prospects

Abstract

One of the main indices of the quality of water is the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). A little over 40 years have passed since the practical application of the first microbial sensor for the determination of BOD, presented by the Japanese professor Isao Karube. This time span has brought new knowledge to and practical developments in the use of a wide range of microbial cells based on BOD biosensors. At present, this field of biotechnology is becoming an independent discipline. The traditional BOD analysis (BOD5) has not changed over many years; it takes no less than 5 days to carry out. Microbial biosensors can be used as an alternative technique for assessing the BOD attract attention because they can reduce hundredfold the time required to measure it. The review examines the experience of the creation and practical application of BOD biosensors accumulated by the international community. Special attention is paid to the use of multiple cell immobilization methods, signal registration techniques, mediators and cell consortia contained in the bioreceptor. We consider the use of nanomaterials in the modification of analytical devices developed for BOD evaluation and discuss the prospects of developing new practically important biosensor models.

Conductive Polymers and Their Nanocomposites: Application Features in Biosensors and Biofuel Cells

“…Thus, conducting polymers for the immobilization of microorganisms are one of the promising directions in the development of analytical devices. The developed microbial biosensors are mainly used to determine the total toxicity of samples [ 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 ] and to analyze the BOD of various water bodies [ 128 , 129 ].…”

IPTG‐induced high protein expression for whole‐cell biosynthesis of L‐phosphinothricin

“…[ 34 ] Moreover, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) of IPTG‐induced fermentation broth are significantly lower than those of lactose‐induced fermentation broth, which effectively reduce the cost for post‐wastewater treatment during scaled‐up industrial process. [ 35,36 ]…”

“…[34] Moreover, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) of IPTG-induced fermentation broth are significantly lower than those of lactoseinduced fermentation broth, which effectively reduce the cost for post-wastewater treatment during scaled-up industrial process. [35,36] In this paper, different concentrations of lactose or IPTG were used to induce the protein expression of DAAO-CAT and GluDH-FDH in E. coli BL21(DE3) with 5 L fermenter. According to the enzyme activity of E. coli DAAO-CAT toward D-PPT, E. coli GluDH-FDH toward PPO induction cost, and environmental governance cost of different inducer, we selected IPTG for the scaled-up fermentation, laying the foundation for industrial production of optically pure glufosinate ammonium and making this product more competitive in the market.…”

A Two-Mediator System Based on a Nanocomposite of Redox-Active Polymer Poly(thionine) and SWCNT as an Effective Electron Carrier for Eukaryotic Microorganisms in Biosensor Analyzers

“…Microorganisms with a wide range of oxidizable substrates are used for the formation of bioreceptors, taking into account the nature of the BOD index. The main problem in working with microorganisms is the high value of the lower limit of the range of determined BOD values, which exceeds the value of BOD in natural waters [4,7]. Various approaches Polymers 2023, 15, 3335 2 of 18 are used to modify the electrodes to lower the values of this property, which characterizes the sensitivity of the system.…”

“…Often, standard methods are not capable of performing a rapid assessment, as they may require a long incubation. For example, the duration of the analysis is 5 days when assessing biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) [ 3 ], so there is a high demand for the development of biosensors for rapid assays [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. The BOD index reflects the total content of organic pollutants in wastewater (mg/dm 3 ) and shows the potential ability of wastewater to consume oxygen reserves in natural water.…”