Microbial community and ovine host response varies with early and late stages of Haemonchus contortus infection

El‐Ashram, Saeed; Nasr, Ibrahim Al; Abouhajer, Fathi; El‐Kemary, Maged; Dinçel, Güngör Çağdaş; Mehmood, Rashid; Hu, Min; Suo, Xun

doi:10.1007/s11259-017-9698-5

Cited by 47 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Indeed, whilst our study used faecal microbial composition as a proxy of bacterial populations inhabiting other compartments of the sheep GI tract (cf. 44; reviewed by 45), selected alterations observed herein are consistent with previous descriptions of qualitative and quantitative changes of bacterial populations inhabiting the abomasa of ruminants infected with GI nematodes [41][42][43], and thus provide support to the validity of our findings. Taken together, these data confirm the major role of helminth colonisation in gut microbiome re-modelling, and that experimental vaccination prior to parasite challenge resulted in further alterations of the gut microbial profiles of Vac/Tc+ sheep at the end of the study period, which were likely to result from the effect of vaccination on worm survival.…”

Section: Experimental Infection Outcomessupporting

confidence: 91%

Infection with the sheep gastrointestinal nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta increases luminal pathobionts

Cortés

Wills

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background The multifaceted interactions between gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites, vertebrate host gut microbiota and the immune system are emerging as a key area of research within the field of host-parasite relationships. In spite of the plethora of data available on the impact that GI helminths exert on the composition of the gut microflora, whether alterations of microbial profiles are caused by direct parasite-bacteria interactions or, indirectly, by alterations of the GI environment (e.g. mucosal immunity), remains to be determined. Furthermore, no data is thus far available on the downstream roles that qualitative and quantitative changes in gut microbial composition play in the overall pathophysiology of parasite infection and disease. Results In this study, we investigated the fluctuations in microbiota composition and local immune microenvironment of sheep vaccinated against, and experimentally infected with, the ‘brown stomach worm’ Teladorsagia circumcincta, a parasite of worldwide socio-economic significance. We compared gut microbial profiles with those obtained from groups of unvaccinated/infected and unvaccinated/uninfected animals. We show that alterations to the gut microbial composition are associated mainly with parasite infection, and that this involves the expansion of populations of bacteria with known pro-inflammatory roles that may contribute to the immunopathology of helminth disease. Using novel quantitative approaches for the analysis of confocal microscopy-derived images we also show that gastric tissue infiltration of T cells is driven by parasitic infection rather than anti-helminth vaccination. Conclusions Teladorsagia circumcincta infection leads to an expansion of potentially pro-inflammatory gut microbial species and abomasal T cells. This data paves the way for future experiments aimed at determining the contribution of the gut flora to the pathophysiology of parasitic disease, with the ultimate aim to design and develop novel treatment/control strategies focused on preventing and/or restricting bacterial-mediated inflammation upon infection by gastrointestinal helminths.

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Section: Experimental Infection Outcomessupporting

confidence: 91%

Infection with the sheep gastrointestinal nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta increases luminal pathobionts

Cortés

Wills

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Notably, previous work, albeit within goats, showed that H. contortus infection did not result in a shift in abomasal microbiome diversity; however, an effect was seen on the abundances of several bacterial species (41). Contrastingly, infection of lambs with H. contortus alone was found to increase microbiome diversity in the abomasum (42). Differences observed may be attributable to inter-species differences and/or inter-study differences.…”

Section: Oral Ingestion Of Engineered E Coli By Larvae In Vitromentioning

confidence: 75%

Microbiome analysis as a platform R&D tool for parasitic nematode disease management

et al. 2019

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The relationship between bacterial communities and their host is being extensively investigated for the potential to improve the host's health. Little is known about the interplay between the microbiota of parasites and the health of the infected host. Using nematode coinfection of lambs as a proof-of-concept model, the aim of this study was to characterise the microbiomes of nematodes and that of their host, enabling identification of candidate nematode-specific microbiota member(s) that could be exploited as drug development tools or for targeted therapy. Deep sequencing techniques were used to elucidate the microbiomes of different life stages of two parasitic nematodes of ruminants, Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta, as well as that of the co-infected ovine hosts, pre-and post-infection. Bioinformatic analyses demonstrated significant differences between the composition of the nematode and ovine microbiomes. The two nematode species also differed significantly. Data indicated a shift in the constitution of the larval nematode microbiome after exposure to the ovine microbiome, and in the ovine intestinal microbial community over time as a result of helminth co-infection. Several bacterial species were identified in nematodes that were absent from their surrounding abomasal environment, the most significant of which included Escherichia coli/Shigella. The ability to purposefully infect nematode species with engineered E. coli was demonstrated in vitro, validating the concept of using this bacterium as a nematode-specific drug development tool and/or drug delivery vehicle. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the concept of exploiting a parasite's microbiome for drug development and treatment purposes.

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“…It may be due to higher susceptibility of Entodinia to H. contortus infection. H. contortus infection alters microbial community composition and diversity, which facilitates the parasite survival and reproduction [50]. Variations in ruminal microbiota composition…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminal fermentation, microbial population and lipid metabolism in gastrointestinal nematode-infected lambs fed a diet supplemented with herbal mixtures

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of medicinal herbal mixtures rich in phenolic, flavonoid and alkaloid compounds on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations, and fatty acid (FA) concentrations and lipid oxidation in tissues of lambs infected with the gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasite (Haemonchus contortus). Parallel in vitro and in vivo studies were performed using two different herbal mixtures (Mix1 and Mix2). The in vitro study was conducted in a 2 (infection status; non-infected versus infected) × 3 (diets; control, Mix1 and Mix2) factorial design. In the in vivo study, 24 lambs were equally divided into four treatments: non-infected lambs fed a control diet, infected lambs fed the control diet, infected lambs fed a diet with Mix1 and infected lambs fed a diet with Mix2. Herbal mixtures (100 g dry matter (DM)/d) were added to the basal diets of meadow hay (ad libitum) and a commercial concentrate (500 g DM/d). The experimental period lasted for 70 days. Ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane production were not affected by infection in vivo or in vitro. Both herbal mixture supplementation increased total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations (P < 0.01) and DM digestibility (P < 0.01) in vitro. Archaea population was slightly diminished by both herbal mixtures (P < 0.05), but they did not lower methane production in vitro or in vivo (P > 0.05). Infection of H. contortus or herbal mixtures modulated FA proportion mainly in the liver, especially the long chain FA proportion. Concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in serum were significantly higher after 70 days post-infection in the infected lambs. Herbal Mix1 supplementation reduced TBARS concentrations in meat after seven days of storage. In conclusion, supplementing of herbal mixtures to the diets of GIN parasite infected lambs did not affect the basic ruminal fermentation parameters. Herbal mixtures may improve few FA proportions mainly in liver as well as decrease lipid oxidation in meat.

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Microbial community and ovine host response varies with early and late stages of Haemonchus contortus infection

Cited by 47 publications

References 58 publications

Infection with the sheep gastrointestinal nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta increases luminal pathobionts

Infection with the sheep gastrointestinal nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta increases luminal pathobionts

Microbiome analysis as a platform R&D tool for parasitic nematode disease management

Ruminal fermentation, microbial population and lipid metabolism in gastrointestinal nematode-infected lambs fed a diet supplemented with herbal mixtures

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