Microbial contamination of main contact surfaces of Automated Teller Machines from Metropolitan Area of Porto

Barbosa, Joana; Albano, Helena; Silva, Fabiana Ferreira; Teixeira, Paula

doi:10.1080/00207233.2019.1674584

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A total of seven (7) bacterial species were recovered from interfaces in this study, which included skin commensals (Staphylococcus and Micrococcus), environmental bacteria (Serratia and Pseudomonas) and enteric bacteria (Salmonella and Klebsiella) ( Table 5 ). Barbosa et al, [ 45 ] and Aquino et al, [ 46 ] in their study also discovered almost the same range of bacteria and this time it was found associated with multidrug resistance. The health risks associated with the majority of these bacteria are well documented [ 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Isolation and identification of microorganisms associated with automated teller machines on Federal Polytechnic Ede campus

Dawodu

Akanbi

2021

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Automated Teller Machines (ATM) are visited everyday by millions of people. This machine is accessible to the general public irrespective of class, age or race. The contact point of all ATM machines is the hand which on their own are ‘vaults’ of microorganisms. An elaborate survey was taken for complete assessment of possible microbial contamination in the Federal Polytechnic Ede campus. Selected ATM machines on campus were used as case study to characterize, identify and determine the degree of bacterial contamination of microorganisms and their potential as reservoir of microbes. Swabs were collected from each ATM screen, buttons, floor, user’s hand, and exposure of plates. After collection of the samples, they were plated in nutrient agar. The results showed the presence of increased bacterial count subsequently, most pathogens on characterization revealed the genus of the particular organisms E. coli, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Salmonella and Serratia. The study showed the potential hazard inherent in ATM machine usage and draws attention to our level of hand hygiene compliance.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Isolation and identification of microorganisms associated with automated teller machines on Federal Polytechnic Ede campus

Dawodu

Akanbi

2021

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been observed that antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates was multiple drug resistance for all strains. The data of present study are according to Barbosa [12], that reported the bacteria risk of spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria through contact with ATM machines and should not be neglected, in terms of impact on public health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The data from the present study demonstrated that the evaluated ATMs are subject to contamination by pathogenic bacteria, as occurs in other countries. A study carried out by Barbosa et al [12] in the Metropolitan Area of Porto (Portugal) showed that 50 ATMs were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, Enterococci, Staphylococcus coagulase positive and Listeria spp.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Gram-positive and Gram-negative In Atmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ATMs is likely to be contaminated with various microorganisms due to their vast dermal contact by multiple users. Many authors examined the metallic keypads of ATMs to investigate their potentials as source of bacterial contamination and also the antibiogram of the isolated organisms, around the world [9][10][11][12][13]. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the bacterial contamination of the biometric system of ATMs located in the city of São Paulo (Brazil) and to investigate the susceptibility profile of twenty-two isolated strains to antibiotics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from automated teller machine in metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil

Aquino¹,

Lima²,

Silva³

et al. 2021

World J. Bio. Pharm. Health Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to investigate bacterial contamination on surfaces of randomly selected Automated Teller Machine and their sensitivity to antibiotics in São Paulo city, Brazil. The swabs collected aseptically were inoculated in selective and non-selective media in triplicate and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. After Gram staining the isolated colonies, complementary biochemical tests were applied. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of all isolates (15 Gram-positive bacteria and 7 Gram-negative bacteria) was determined using the Kirk Bauer method using chloramphenicol, clindamycin, norfloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin and tetracycline diffusion discs. All ATM surfaces tested were contaminated with at least one genus of bacteria. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (64%), Enterococcus spp. (28%) and Acinetobacter spp. (21%), followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (14%), Pseudomonas spp. in 12 (14%), Salmonella spp. (7%), Escherichia coli (7%). ATMs in the São Paulo metropolitan region were shown to be contaminated with bacteria that are resistant to the commonly used antibiotics. All Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria isolated were multidrug-resistant, however, the strains were sensitive (S) or showed an intermediate response profile (I) to tetracycline, with the exception of three strains of Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Staphylococcus aureus, which were resistant to tetracycline. Norfloxacin and gentamicin showed resistance response profile to all bacteria. Based on these findings, it is recommended to perform hand washing and use of antiseptics after using ATMs.

show abstract

“…Colonization of e-banking facilities by pathogenic organisms has been reported as a potential vehicle for their transmission [10,11,12]. Microorganisms found to contaminate fomites are known to persist on environmental surfaces for varying periods of time ranging from hours to months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriological Assessment of Automated Teller and Point of Sales Machine User Interface in Uyo Metropolis, Nigeria

John

Asuquo

2021

JABB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Automated Teller Machine (ATM) and Point of Sales (POS) machine user interface of different banks, schools, hospitals, restaurants/eateries, shopping malls and petrol/gas stations in Uyo metropolis were bacteriologically assessed in the dry and wet seasons using cultural technique. The result of fomites key pads indicate total heterotrophic bacteria counts (THBC) was in the order: Banks > Hospitals > Schools > Petrol/Gas stations > shopping malls > Restaurants/Eateries in both seasons. There was an increase in the bacterial counts of the fomites from all locations in the wet season compared to the dry season and the difference significant (p = 0.05). The THBC from ATMs in banks, hospitals and schools ranged from 5.6 ± 0.1 to 7.8 ± 0.6 Log₁₀CFU/cm2 and from POS 3.4 ± 0.3 to 5.0 ± 0.2 Log₁₀CFU/cm2) for Petrol/Gas stations, shopping malls and Restaurants/Eateries in the wet season. The dry season revealed THBC range of 4.1± 0.6 to 6.4 ± 0.3 Log₁₀CFU/cm2 for ATMs and 2.6 ± 0.8 to 3.8 ± 0.1 Log₁₀CFU/cm2 for POS. Organisms associated with the fomites were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and species of Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Streptococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Micrococcus, Vibrio and Klebsiella. The highest and least frequency of occurrence in the dry season indicated Micrococcus (17.2%) and Vibrio (1.4%) in relation to Staphylococcus aureus (18.2%) and Proteus sp. (2.8%) in the wet season. The Gram-positive organisms exhibited high and low susceptibility to Gentamycin and Augmentin compared to Ofloxacin and Amoxicillin respectively in Gram-negative bacteria. The results indicate ATM and POS machine user interface as possible sources of pathogenic organisms. Therefore, regular cleaning of ATM and POS user interface and public awareness on the need for adequate personal hygienic practice after the use of these machines is recommended to reduce associated risks.

show abstract

Microbial contamination of main contact surfaces of Automated Teller Machines from Metropolitan Area of Porto

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Isolation and identification of microorganisms associated with automated teller machines on Federal Polytechnic Ede campus

Isolation and identification of microorganisms associated with automated teller machines on Federal Polytechnic Ede campus

Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from automated teller machine in metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil

Bacteriological Assessment of Automated Teller and Point of Sales Machine User Interface in Uyo Metropolis, Nigeria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About