Microbial contamination of surgical instruments used for laparotomy

Saito, Yasufumi; Kobayashi, Hiroyoshi; Uetera, Yushi; Yasuhara, Hiroshi; Kajiura, Takumi; Okubo, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2013.06.022

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Several previous studies have ventured into isolation of nosocomial infection-causing organisms but the most often encountered species include organisms like Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella species [4, 8–10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial contaminants isolated from items and work surfaces in the post- operative ward at Kawolo general hospital, Uganda

et al. 2018

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BackgroundNosocomial infections are a major setback in the healthcare delivery system especially in developing countries due to the limited resources. The roles played by medical care equipment and work surfaces in the transmission of such organisms have inevitably contributed to the elevated mortality, morbidity and antibiotic resistances.MethodsA total 138 samples were collected during the study from Kawolo general hospital. Swab samples were collected from various work surfaces and fomites which consisted of; beds, sink taps, infusion stands, switches, work tables and scissors. Cultures were done and the susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Data was analyzed using Stata 13 and Microsoft Excel 2013 packages.ResultsA total of 44.2% (61/138) of the collected swab specimens represented the overall bacterial contamination of the sampled articles. Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for the highest bacterial contaminants constituting of 75.4% (46/61) and 11.5% (7/61) respectively. Infusion stands and patient beds were found to have the highest bacterial contamination levels both constituting 19.67% (12/61). The highest degree of transmission of organisms to patients was found to be statistically significant for patient beds with OR: 20.1 and P-value 8X10− 4. Vancomycin, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were the most effective antibiotics with 100%, 80% and 80% sensitivity patterns among the isolates respectively. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 52% (24/46) with 4% (1/24) classified as a possible extensively drug resistant (XDR) whereas Gram negative isolates had 27% (4/15) MDR strains out of which 50%(2/4) were classified as possible pan-drug resistant (PDR).ConclusionThe high prevalence of bacterial contaminants in the hospital work environment is an indicator of poor or ineffective decontamination. The study findings reiterate the necessity to formulate drug usage policies and re-examine effectiveness of decontamination and sterilization practices within Kawolo general hospital. We also recommend installation of a sound Microbiology unit at the hospital to take on susceptibility testing to check on the empirical use of antibiotics as a way of reducing the rampant elevations in drug resistances.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial contaminants isolated from items and work surfaces in the post- operative ward at Kawolo general hospital, Uganda

et al. 2018

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“…Até pouco tempo atrás, tal espécie era considerada um contaminante, tendo pouca importância clínica, porém, nas últi-mas décadas, o S. epidermidis tornou-se um principal agente de infecções hospitalares, representando aproximadamente 20,9% dos casos (SAITO et al, 2014;TAJEDDIN et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…As infecções causadas por S. epidermidis são frequentemente subagudas ou crônicas, e o diagnóstico nem sempre é fácil, principalmente em pacientes imunossuprimidos e usuá-rios de drogas intravenosas, passíveis de desenvolver endocardite, e a infecção ocorre por bactérias encontradas na própria pele do paciente (SAITO et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Identificação de Staphylococcus epidermidis em formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) coletadas em uma área de alimentação no município de Guarulhos, São Paulo

Carrecelli

Barcelos

2017

Arq. Inst. Biol.

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RESUMO: Com o processo de urbanização, ocorreu aumento da disseminação de doenças veiculadas por artrópodes, sendo os mais comuns as formigas. A presença delas é mais frequente pelo seu tamanho, por sua facilidade de locomoção e por sua forma de vida social. Assim, podem atuar como vetores mecânicos de bactérias endossimbiontes e patogênicas, ocasionando contaminação em alimentos e no ambiente hospitalar. Os objetivos deste artigo foram isolar e identificar bactérias contaminantes dos gêneros Escherichia sp., Staphylococcus sp. e Salmonella sp. em formigas operárias circulantes no entorno de uma lanchonete de intenso fluxo de pessoas. Foram coletados rastros de formigas no período vespertino, amostradas em quatro pontos do pátio no entorno da lanchonete. Após a coleta, as bactérias foram identificadas por cultivo em meio de cultura Caldo Triptona de Soja para enriquecimento e meios específicos. Dos quatro pontos coletados no entorno da lanchonete, dois apresentaram crescimento de Staphylococcus epidermidis. Este estudo identificou a presença de S. epidermidis em formigas operárias em uma lanchonete localizada em uma área de grande circulação de pessoas, indicando que elas podem ser vetores de contaminação em estabelecimentos de comércio de alimentos.

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“…Medical devices are commonly used in healthcare for diagnosis, prevention, treatment and monitoring of diseases and injuries. After use they may be contaminated with microorganisms including, Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Diphtheroids, Bacillus spp., Gram-negative rods, fungi and yeasts [7][8][9][10][11]. Indeed, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter baumannii complex, Cladosporium spp., Aspergillus spp., and/or Candida spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of autoclaving in sterilizing reusable medical devices in healthcare facilities

Panta

Richardson

Shaw

2019

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Medical devices are sterilized before being used for invasive clinical procedures such as surgery, to prevent pathogen transfer. Failure to sterilize medical devices properly presents a risk of healthcare-associated infections. Studies and reports have indicated that inadequately sterilized medical devices are one of the causes of a higher rate of healthcare-associated infections in developing countries. Steam sterilization (autoclaving) is the most widely used method for sterilization and is considered the most robust and cost-effective method for sterilization of medical devices. The effectiveness of steam sterilization can be measured using biological indicators. A literature search was undertaken to understand the effectiveness of autoclaving in sterilizing reusable medical devices in healthcare facilities across the globe. Studies using biological indicators for measuring the effectiveness of autoclaving were obtained. Failures of steam sterilization practices were identified and discussed as a means of identifying factors that might be associated with the ineffectiveness of steam sterilization practices between different countries. The number of studies measuring the effectiveness of steam sterilization is small, and few evaluate the effectiveness of steam sterilization specifically in developing countries. There are fewer studies on higher level healthcare facilities than dental facilities. More evidence about the effectiveness of autoclaving in healthcare facilities is needed to draw firm conclusions, but the data suggest that there are inadequacies in autoclave procedures and operator education.

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Microbial contamination of surgical instruments used for laparotomy

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

Microbial contaminants isolated from items and work surfaces in the post- operative ward at Kawolo general hospital, Uganda

Microbial contaminants isolated from items and work surfaces in the post- operative ward at Kawolo general hospital, Uganda

Identificação de Staphylococcus epidermidis em formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) coletadas em uma área de alimentação no município de Guarulhos, São Paulo

Effectiveness of autoclaving in sterilizing reusable medical devices in healthcare facilities

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