“…2c, curve b), which can be ascribed to the C]O, C]N and N-H groups, respectively, 26,39,40 verifying the oxidation and polymerization of TEPA. Additionally, another new absorption peak could also be observed at around 1120 cm À1 , which was associated with the stretching vibrations of the S]O bond derived from Na 2 S 2 O 8 , 41 and indicated the successful doping of sulphur into N, S-codoped CDs. The compositions of the as-synthesized CDs were further analysed using XPS spectra.…”