Microbial Glycoside Hydrolases for Biomass Utilization in Biofuels Applications

Mamo, Gashaw; Faryar, Reza; Karlsson, Eva Nordberg

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-34519-7_7

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Cane juice is also used to produce the biofuel ethanol, through microbial fermentation and distilling processes. Second-generation bioethanol production from the crop is also possible through the use of cell wall-degrading enzymes for cellulose depolymerization of sugarcane bagasse, which offer a more sustainable approach than traditional chemical methods (Waclawovsky et al, 2010;Mamo et al, 2013). The wide-scale use of ethanol, combined with the expanding use of bioelectricity produced from the leftover biomass or bagasse, explains why sugarcane is already the second largest energy source in Brazil, and is considered the cleanest in the world (http://sugar cane.org).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugarcane smut: shedding light on the development of the whip-shaped sorus

Marques

Appezzato‐da‐Glória

Piepenbring

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

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The ontogeny of the whip-shaped sorus suggests that the fungus can cause the acropetal growth in the intercalary meristem. The sporogenesis of S. scitamineum was described in detail, demonstrating that the spores are formed exclusively at the base of the whip. Light was also shed on the nature of the sterile cells. The presence of the fungus alters the host cell wall composition, promotes its degradation and causes the release of some peripheral cells of the sorus. Finally, callose was observed around fungal hyphae in infected cells, suggesting that deposition of callose by the host may act as a structural response to fungal infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugarcane smut: shedding light on the development of the whip-shaped sorus

Marques

Appezzato‐da‐Glória

Piepenbring

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

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“…However, rapid biomass production and high-yield conversion processes are essential for successful applications. Plant-derived lignocellulosic biomass is abundant but, due to the recalcitrant nature of this material, significant challenges have to be solved if this biomass is to be used for the microbial production of biofuels and bioproducts [ 1 - 3 ]. Photosynthetic microorganisms constitute an appealing alternative source of biomass for many reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacterial biomass as carbohydrate and nutrient feedstock for bioethanol production by yeast fermentation

Möllers

Cannella

Jørgensen

et al. 2014

Biotechnol Biofuels

180

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BackgroundMicrobial bioconversion of photosynthetic biomass is a promising approach to the generation of biofuels and other bioproducts. However, rapid, high-yield, and simple processes are essential for successful applications. Here, biomass from the rapidly growing photosynthetic marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 was fermented using yeast into bioethanol.ResultsThe cyanobacterium accumulated a total carbohydrate content of about 60% of cell dry weight when cultivated under nitrate limitation. The cyanobacterial cells were harvested by centrifugation and subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using lysozyme and two alpha-glucanases. This enzymatic hydrolysate was fermented into ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae without further treatment. All enzyme treatments and fermentations were carried out in the residual growth medium of the cyanobacteria with the only modification being that pH was adjusted to the optimal value. The highest ethanol yield and concentration obtained was 0.27 g ethanol per g cell dry weight and 30 g ethanol L-1, respectively. About 90% of the glucose in the biomass was converted to ethanol. The cyanobacterial hydrolysate was rapidly fermented (up to 20 g ethanol L-1 day-1) even in the absence of any other nutrient additions to the fermentation medium.ConclusionsCyanobacterial biomass was hydrolyzed using a simple enzymatic treatment and fermented into ethanol more rapidly and to higher concentrations than previously reported for similar approaches using cyanobacteria or microalgae. Importantly, as well as fermentable carbohydrates, the cyanobacterial hydrolysate contained additional nutrients that promoted fermentation. This hydrolysate is therefore a promising substitute for the relatively expensive nutrient additives (such as yeast extract) commonly used for Saccharomyces fermentations.

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“…Endo-glucanases (E.C. 3.2.1.4) are classified under more than 15 different GHfamilies (with either retaining or inverting reaction mechanism) and randomly attack β-1,4-linkages in cellulosepolymers [38]. Cellobiohydrolases cleave off cellobiose either from the reducing end (E.C.…”

Section: Lignocellulose Its Carbohydrate Components and Carbohydratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…3.2.1.156, GH8) found in a few microbial species, while xylosidases (E.C. 3.2.1.37, in for example in GH1, 3, 39, 43, 52, 54, 116, 120) also are widespread [16,38]. Mannan, on the other hand is the dominating hemicellulose in softwood.…”

Section: Lignocellulose Its Carbohydrate Components and Carbohydratementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermostable Glycoside Hydrolases in Biorefinery Technologies

Linares-Pastén¹,

Andersson²,

Karlsson

2014

CBIOT

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Glycoside hydrolases, which are responsible for the degradation of the major fraction of biomass, the polymeric carbohydrates in starch and lignocellulose, are predicted to gain increasing roles as catalysts in biorefining applications in the future bioeconomy. In this context, thermostable variants will be important, as the recalcitrance of these biomass-components to degradation often motivates thermal treatments. The traditional focus on degradation is also predicted to be changed into more versatile roles of the enzymes, also involving specific conversions to defined products. In addition, integration of genes encoding interesting target activities opens the possibilities for whole cell applications, in organisms allowing processing at elevated temperatures for production of defined metabolic products.In this review, we overview the application of glycoside hydrolases related to the biorefining context (for production of food, chemicals, and fuels). Use of thermostable enzymes in processing of biomass is highlighted, moving from the activities required to act on different types of polymers, to specific examples in today's processing. Examples given involve (i) monosaccharide production for food applications as well as use as carbon source for microbial conversions (to metabolites such as fuels and chemical intermediates), (ii) oligosaccharide production for prebiotics applications (iii) treatment for plant metabolite product release, and (iv) production of surfactants of the alkyl glycoside class. Finally future possibilities in whole cell biorefining are shown.

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Microbial Glycoside Hydrolases for Biomass Utilization in Biofuels Applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 74 publications

Sugarcane smut: shedding light on the development of the whip-shaped sorus

Sugarcane smut: shedding light on the development of the whip-shaped sorus

Cyanobacterial biomass as carbohydrate and nutrient feedstock for bioethanol production by yeast fermentation

Thermostable Glycoside Hydrolases in Biorefinery Technologies

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