Microbial life in the phyllosphere

Vorholt, Julia A.

doi:10.1038/nrmicro2910

Cited by 1,760 publications

(1,810 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…Co-correlation patterns among bacterial and fungal indicator OTUs revealed that indicator OTUs characteristic of atmospheric deposition did not share the same habitats as the other indicator OTUs. In addition, bacterial and fungal OTUs characterizing atmospheric deposition (rain and aeolian dust) consisted of either pathogenic epiphytic (Aureobasidium) or highly versatile microorganisms (Methylobacterium, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas) predominantly associated with plants (Vorholt, 2012). Representatives of these bacterial genera have also been found in cloud droplets (Amato et al, 2005), in hailstones (Šantl-Temkiv et al, 2012) and in aerosols collected at high altitude (Bowers et al, 2012).…”

Section: Origin Of Microbial Pioneers In Deglaciated Soilsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Potential sources of microbial colonizers in an initial soil ecosystem after retreat of an alpine glacier

2016

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Rapid disintegration of alpine glaciers has led to the formation of new terrain consisting of mineral debris colonized by microorganisms. Despite the importance of microbial pioneers in triggering the formation of terrestrial ecosystems, their sources (endogenous versus exogenous) and identities remain elusive. We used 454-pyrosequencing to characterize the bacterial and fungal communities in endogenous glacier habitats (ice, sub-, supraglacial sediments and glacier stream leaving the glacier forefront) and in atmospheric deposition (snow, rain and aeolian dust). We compared these microbial communities with those occurring in recently deglaciated barren soils before and after snow melt (snow-covered soil and barren soil). Atmospheric bacteria and fungi were dominated by plant-epiphytic organisms and differed from endogenous glacier habitats and soils indicating that atmospheric input of microorganisms is not a major source of microbial pioneers in newly formed soils. We found, however, that bacterial communities in newly exposed soils resembled those of endogenous habitats, which suggests that bacterial pioneers originating from sub-and supraglacial sediments contributed to the colonization of newly exposed soils. Conversely, fungal communities differed between habitats suggesting a lower dispersal capability than bacteria. Yeasts putatively adapted to cold habitats characteristic of snow and supraglacial sediments were similar, despite the fact that these habitats were not spatially connected. These findings suggest that environmental filtering selects particular fungi in cold habitats. Atmospheric deposition provided important sources of dissolved organic C, nitrate and ammonium. Overall, microbial colonizers triggering soil development in alpine environments mainly originate from endogenous glacier habitats, whereas atmospheric deposition contributes to the establishment of microbial communities by providing sources of C and N.

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Section: Origin Of Microbial Pioneers In Deglaciated Soilsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Potential sources of microbial colonizers in an initial soil ecosystem after retreat of an alpine glacier

2016

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“…The above-ground parts of plants, and called phyllosphere, are colonized by a diverse microbial community that can inhabit the interior of plant tissues (as endophytes) as well as plant's surface (as epiphytes) (Vorholt, 2012). Recent studies indicate that host plant genotype can influence the microbiome composition by acting on keystone species, which in turn affects plant colonization by many other microbes (Agler et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal community in olive fruits of cultivars with different susceptibilities to anthracnose and selection of isolates to be used as biocontrol agents

et al. 2017

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A B S T R A C TOlive anthracnose is an important fruit disease in olive crop worldwide. Because of the importance of microbial phyllosphere to plant health, this work evaluated the effect of cultivar on endophytic and epiphytic fungal communities by studying their diversity in olives of two cultivars with different susceptibilities to anthracnose. The biocontrol potency of native isolates against Colletotrichum acutatum, the main causal agent of this disease, was further evaluated using the dual-culture method. Fungal community of both cultivars encompassed a complex species consortium including phytopathogens and antagonists. Host genotype was important in shaping endophytic but not epiphytic fungal communities, although some host-specific fungal genera were found within epiphytic community. Epiphytic and endophytic fungal communities also differed in size and in composition in olives of both cultivars, probably due to differences in physical and chemical nature of the two habitats. Fungal tested were able to inhibited C. acutatum growth (inhibition coefficients up to 30.9), sporulation (from 46 to 86%) and germination (from 21 to 74%), and to caused abnormalities in pathogenic hyphae. This finding could open opportunities to select specific beneficial microbiome by selecting particular cultivar and highlighted the potential use of these fungi in the biocontrol of olive anthracnose.

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“…The authors stressed the need for studies on the functional consequences of changes in microbial community structure and the mechanisms by which plants control the microbial populations on their aerial plant surfaces. The composition of microbial populations in the phyllosphere are also influenced by environmental factors, such as, UV, humidity, temperature, geographical location (Rastogi et al, 2012;Vorholt, 2012;Rastogi et al, 2013), nitrogen fertilization (Ikeda et al, 2011), and pesticide treatments (Zhang et al, 2009;Moulas et al, 2013).…”

Section: The Role Of the Microbiome In Fruit Health And Disease à A Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on plant microbiomes (phytobiomes) in both the phyllosphere and rhizosphere indicate that plants should be considered as "super organisms" where very diverse microbial communities provide specific functions and traits to plants (Vorholt, 2012;de Bruijn, 2013). These functions include five key features: (1) improving nutrient acquisition and growth, (2) sustaining plant growth under biotic and/or abiotic stress, (3) inducing resistance against pathogens, (4) interacting with plant or human pathogens, and (5) interacting with other trophic levels, such as insects.…”

Section: The Role Of the Microbiome In Fruit Health And Disease à A Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

The science, development, and commercialization of postharvest biocontrol products

Droby

Wisniewski

Teixidó

et al. 2016

Postharvest Biology and Technology

292

149

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A B S T R A C TPostharvest biological control agents as a viable alternative to the use of synthetic chemicals have been the focus of considerable research for the last 30 years by many scientists and several commercial companies worldwide. Several antagonists of postharvest pathogens have been identified and tested in laboratory, semi-commercial, and commercial settings and were developed into commercial products. The discovery and development of these antagonists into a product followed a paradigm in which a single antagonist isolated from one commodity was also expected to be effective on other commodities that vary in their genetic background, physiology, postharvest handling, and susceptibility to pathogens. In most cases, product development was successfully achieved but their full commercial potential was not realized. The low success rate of postharvest biocontrol products has been attributed to several problems, including difficulties in mass production and formulation of the antagonist, the physiological status of the harvested commodity and its susceptibility to specific pathogens. All these factors played a major role in the reduced and inconsistent performance of the biocontrol product when used under commercial conditions. Although many studies have been conducted on the mode of action of postharvest microbial antagonists, our understanding is still very incomplete. In this regard, a systems approach, that takes into account all the components of the biocontrol system, may represent the best approach to investigating the network of interactions that exist. Very little is known about the overall diversity and composition of microbial communities on harvested produce and how these communities vary across produce types, their function, the factors that influence the composition of the microbiota after harvest and during storage, and the distribution of individual taxa. In light of the progress made in recent years in metagenomic technologies, this technology should be used to characterize the composition of microbial communities on fruit and vegetables. Information on the dynamics and diversity of microbiota may be useful to developing a new paradigm in postharvest biocontrol that is based on constructing synthetic microbial communities that provide superior control of pathogens.

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Microbial life in the phyllosphere

Cited by 1,760 publications

References 151 publications

Potential sources of microbial colonizers in an initial soil ecosystem after retreat of an alpine glacier

Potential sources of microbial colonizers in an initial soil ecosystem after retreat of an alpine glacier

Fungal community in olive fruits of cultivars with different susceptibilities to anthracnose and selection of isolates to be used as biocontrol agents

The science, development, and commercialization of postharvest biocontrol products

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