Microbial Metabolism of Naringin and the Impact on Antioxidant Capacity

Abstract

Naringin is a dietary flavonoid glycoside with broad bioactivities, and it has been found to undergo extensive microbial metabolism in human gut. Microbial metabolites are believed to play an important role in the overall bioactivity of naringin. However, knowledge is scarce about its microbial metabolism in laboratory rats, which are the most commonly used animal model for naringin-related biomedical studies. Herein, we profiled the microbial metabolism of naringin in rat by an in vitro anaerobic fermentation combined with LC-MS/MS methods. A total of 35 microbial metabolites were identified, and corresponding metabolic pathways were proposed. Naringin and its metabolites were further quantified in fermentation samples. Rhoifolin, neoeriocitrin, neohesperidin, naringenin, methylated naringin, and hydroxylated naringin were detected as the primary microbial metabolites. Moreover, antioxidant capacity assays suggested that fermentation-associated microbial metabolites exhibited higher antioxidant activity than original naringin. Obtained results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the microbial metabolism and antioxidant capacity of naringin.

Chemical profiling and identification of Radix Cudramiae and their metabolites in rats using an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography method coupled with time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry

“…More interestingly, the experimental results showed that the prototypes with similar structures could be converted into others by hydrogenation or dehydrogenation, methylation or demethylation, and hydroxylation or dehydroxylation in phase I metabolism [38–41]. The absorbed constituents and the proposed metabolic pathways of the constituents in Radix Cudramiae extract after oral administration are shown in Figure 5.…”

Dietary naringin supplementation on hepatic yolk precursors formation and antioxidant capacity of Three-Yellow breeder hens during the late laying period

“…Dietary antioxidants supplementation in hens could improve egg production via enhancing hepatic antioxidant capacity, thereby alleviating lipid metabolism disorders ( Miao et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2022 ). Naringin has been proven to be an excellent plant-derived antioxidant ( Gercek et al, 2021 ; Hassan et al, 2021 ; Zeng et al, 2022 ). Goliomytis et al (2015) reported that the addition of naringin to the diet could increase antioxidant capacity in broiler meat.…”

“…It exists as light yellow crystalline powder at room temperature. Naringin exhibits high antioxidant capacity attributed to its many functional groups, including hydroxy and carbonyl groups ( Chen et al, 2016 ; Zeng et al, 2019 ; Zeng et al, 2022 ). Previous studies demonstrated that dietary naringin supplementation improved the antioxidant capacity of broiler and lamb meat ( Goliomytis et al, 2015 ; Simitzis et al, 2019 ).…”

Naringin: Nanotechnological Strategies for Potential Pharmaceutical Applications

“…Recent studies have demonstrated the important role of these microbial metabolites in the overall bioactivity of NRG [ 19 , 20 ]. In fact, the physiological effects of NRG cannot be fully achieved in the absence of microbial metabolites due to the extensive biotransformation of the parent compound [ 21 ]. Although significant conversion takes place in the colon, some breakdown also occurs in the distal portion of the small intestine [ 22 ].…”