Microbial Profile and Dental Caries in Cleft Lip and Palate Babies Between 0 and 3 Years Old

Durhan, Müesser; Topçuoğlu, Nursen; Külekçi, Güven; Özgentaş, Ege; Tanboğa, İlknur

doi:10.1177/1055665618776428

Cited by 19 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In a previous study by Paul and Brandt (1998) reported that the anterior segment of the maxillary arch had greater biofilm formation than the posterior region due to the surgical procedures done for lip and palate reconstruction. Another study showed that the primary lip repair surgery decreases lip elasticity and salivary flow rate, which may lead to excessive biofilm formation in the anterior region of the mouth (Durhan et al, 2019). A similar finding was shown in our study, with statistically significant reduced (low) resting (unstimulated) salivary flow rates in the upper lips of children with CL/P (35% of cases) as compared to those in the non-CL/P control group (0% of cases).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors along with reduced salivary flow and BC contribute to the creation of a favorable environment for the development of dental decay (Hicks et al, 2003; Ahluwalia et al, 2004). Until now, only a few studies have been conducted to assess the cariogenic risk factors in children with cleft lip and/ or palate (Sundell et al, 2015; Veiga et al, 2017; Sundell et al, 2018; Durhan et al, 2019; Sanghvi et al, 2019; Fowler et al, 2020). Based on these observations, this research was designed to analyze the caries protective factors, salivary parameters, and microbial counts in high caries risk children with CL/P.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Affecting High Caries Risk in Children With and Without Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Cross-Sectional Study

Chaudhari

Kharbanda

Bamola

et al. 2020

The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal

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Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the caries protective factors, salivary parameters, and microbial counts in high caries risk children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Setting: This study was conducted in a tertiary health care teaching hospital in New Delhi, India. Participants: The study was conducted in 40 children, 20 with CL/P and 20 without aged between 5 and 12 years. Methods: Children with 2 or more caries lesions in both groups were included in this study. Demographic details, dental caries of affected teeth (World Health Organization criteria for Decayed Missing Filled Teeth [WHO-DMFT] and International Caries Detection and Assessment System [ICDAS II]), caries protective factors, salivary parameters, and microbial counts were recorded by one calibrated investigator. Main Outcome Measures: Caries protective factors, salivary parameters, and microbial profile. Results: The Chi-square (χ2) test and Pearson correlation were used for statistical analysis. All the children participating in the study brushed their teeth only once in a day and consumed sweets more than twice a day. None of the children had ever received fluoride varnish. Resting saliva had a low buffering capacity in 80% of children with CL/P and 95% of children without CL/P. Microbial assessment of stimulated saliva showed that with the increases in the numbers (DMFT scores ≥4) and severity (ICDAS codes from 1-2 to 5-6) of caries lesions, both Streptococci and Lactobacilli counts were ≥105 colony-forming units/mL of saliva in the both groups. Conclusions: Children with CL/P showed limited access to caries protective measures and low buffering capacity in resting saliva, along with elevated levels of salivary Streptococci and Lactobacilli in stimulated saliva.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting High Caries Risk in Children With and Without Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Cross-Sectional Study

Chaudhari

Kharbanda

Bamola

et al. 2020

The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal

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“…The mutans streptococci constitute a group of oral cariogenic species, with S. mutans and S. sobrinus being the most frequently detected strains from the oral cavity of individuals at high risk for dental caries [44][45][46] . S. mutans has been detected from ~80% to 90% of adults' and ~50% to 100% of preschool children's oral cavity 27 , but much less frequent (~10%) in the oral cavity of infants 47,48 . The oral colonization by S. mutans is considered to take place around 26 months 49 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Non-Streptococcus mutans Bacteria from Predente Infant Saliva Grown on Mitis-Salivarius-Bacitracin Agar

Zeng¹,

Youssef²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry

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Objective: Although mitis-salivarius-bacitracin (MSB) agar is a commonly used selective medium for detecting Streptococcus mutans in clinical studies, non-S. mutans microorganisms are cultivatable on MSB agar. Since few studies have identified non-S. mutans bacteria grown on MSB, this study aimed to identify and differentiate MSB-grown non-S. mutans bacteria from predente infants' oral cavity. Study design: The saliva from 51 predente infants were plated on MSB agars. Bacteria colonies were characterized based on their morphology under direct visualization and light microscopic observation. Colony PCR targeting S. mutans htrA locus and 16S rRNA DNA sequencing were used for further bacteria identification. Results: Overall, 80% of the predente infants had oral bacteria grown on the MSB agar. Nine bacteria were identified, including S. mutans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella quasi-pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter kobei, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus hominis, Streptococcus anginosus and Phytobacter. The most frequently detected bacteria were S. epidermidis (41.5%), followed by E. kobei (24.4%), K. pneumoniae (17.1%) and S. mutans (9.8%.) Conclusions: Multiple non-S. mutans bacteria from infants' oral cavity could grow on MSB agar. Caution should be exercised in counting the colony forming units of S. mutans from oral samples on MSB agar to avoid overestimation by assuming that all colonies on the MSB agar are S. mutans. Using the colony morphological guide we summarized, these non-S. mutans bacteria could be distinguished from S. mutans. Our study provides a key reference to pediatric cariology clinical-epidemiological studies that commonly use MSB to identify/quantify S. mutans in infants and young children.

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“…These results suggest that the anatomical conditions of the oral cavity of patients with CLP contribute to the high incidence of Candida species, especially C. albicans, with patterns of oral colonization by multiple species of the genus (heterogeneous colonization or multicolonization), or by a single species (homogeneous colonization or monocolonization) in greater or lesser frequency dependent on age groups and types of orofacial clefts. In part, these variations in oral Candida colonization profiles in patients with CLP could be explained by the sampling number and other factors such as decreased salivary flow, reduced defense, increased formation of dental plaque [27], reduced oral colonization by Candida due to surgical corrections [12], and patients bearing orthodontic acrylic plates [13]. Compared to children with CLP (7.2 ± 3.2 years of age) previously to surgical rehabilitation procedures, the frequencies of oral colonization by Candida species were related significantly higher for the group of infants (11.2 ± 6.6 months of age) with CLP (28.3%) and male gender (30.4%), but regardless of the surgical clinical histories [12].…”

Section: Virulence Characteristics In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heterozygotes represented by12,13,14,15,16,17,18,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,34,35,36,37,38,39, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69, 78, 79, 4 10, 8 10, 8 11 and 9 11; -, null allele; TS, Candida albicans type strain ATCC® 10,231. M and F correspond to male and female, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Candida species biotypes and polyclonality of potentially virulent Candida albicans isolated from oral cavity of patients with orofacial clefts

et al. 2021

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Objectives This study evaluated the incidence of Candida species, and the genetic diversity and virulence of C. albicans of the oral cavity from patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Materials and methods Oral samples were investigated by microbiological and species-specific PCR methods. The genetic diversity of C. albicans was established using isoenzyme markers, Nei's statistics, and clustering analysis. Hydrolytic enzymes (SAPs and PLs) were analyzed in vitro. Results Oral colonization by Candida species was observed in 29 patients with CLP (65.9%), and C. albicans was highly prevalent. SAP and PL activities were observed in 100% and 51.9% of isolates, respectively. High genetic diversity and patterns of monoclonal and polyclonal oral colonization by C. albicans were observed among patients with CLP. Two major polymorphic taxa (A and B) and other minor polymorphic taxa (C to J) were identified. Only one of the 16 clusters (taxon A) harbored strains from patients with and without CLP, whereas other clusters harbored strains exclusively from CLP patients. Conclusions The anatomical conditions of the oral cavity of patients with CLP contribute to the high incidence of Candida species (C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and/or Candida spp.). Data suggest high genetic diversity of potentially virulent C. albicans strains in the oral cavity of CLP patients. Clinical relevance Microbiological niches in orofacial clefts can contribute to the emergence of a relative clinical genotypic identity of C. albicans. However, orofacial rehabilitation centers can contribute to the direct and indirect sources of transmission and propagation of Candida species.

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Microbial Profile and Dental Caries in Cleft Lip and Palate Babies Between 0 and 3 Years Old

Abstract: The results show that the CP±L babies must be considered as a group with an increased caries risk.

Cited by 19 publications

References 39 publications

Factors Affecting High Caries Risk in Children With and Without Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Cross-Sectional Study

Factors Affecting High Caries Risk in Children With and Without Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Cross-Sectional Study

Identification of Non-Streptococcus mutans Bacteria from Predente Infant Saliva Grown on Mitis-Salivarius-Bacitracin Agar

Candida species biotypes and polyclonality of potentially virulent Candida albicans isolated from oral cavity of patients with orofacial clefts

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