Microbial Protein Synthesis and Digestion in the High-Yielding Dairy Cow

Hagemeister, H.; Lüpping, W.; Kaufmann, W.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-408-10804-1.50006-4

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Consistently, supplementation of grass silage alone with a rumen-degradable source of protein has increased the gain of growing steers (Veira et al, 1995;Scollan et al, 2001). Hagemeister et al (1980) reported a tendency towards lower rumen protein synthesis with rations containing very low (0 to 200 g/kg DM) or very high (700 to 1000 g/kg DM) proportions of concentrate. According to Aronen (1992), a medium level of concentrates together with well-preserved grass silage can sustain efficient microbial protein production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of protein supplementation for growing cattle fed grass silage-based diets: a meta-analysis

Huuskonen

Huhtanen

Joki‐Tokola

2014

Animal

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The objective of this meta-analysis was to develop empirical equations predicting growth responses of growing cattle to protein intake. Overall, the data set comprised 199 diets in 80 studies. The diets were mainly based on grass silage or grass silage partly or completely replaced by whole-crop silages or straw. The concentrate feeds consisted of cereal grains, fibrous by-products and protein supplements. The analyses were conducted both comprehensively for all studies and also separately for studies in which soybean meal (SBM; n = 71 diets/28 studies), fish meal (FM; 27/12) and rapeseed meal (RSM; 74/35) were used as a protein supplement. Increasing dietary CP concentration increased ( P < 0.01) BW gain (BWG), but the responses were quantitatively small (1.4 g per 1 g/kg dry matter (DM) increase in dietary CP concentration). The BWG responses were not different for bulls v. steers and heifers (1.4 v. 1.3 g per 1 g/kg DM increase in dietary CP concentration) and for dairy v. beef breeds (1.2 v. 1.7 g per 1 g/kg, respectively). The effect of increased CP concentration declined ( P < 0.01) with increasing mean BW of the animals and with improved BWG of the control animals (the lowest CP diet in each study). The BWG responses to protein supplementation were not related to the CP concentration in the control diet. The BWG responses increased ( P < 0.05) with increased ammonia N concentration in silage N and declined marginally ( P > 0.10) with increasing proportion of concentrate in the diet. All protein supplements had a significant effect on BWG, but the effects were greater for RSM ( P < 0.01) and FM ( P < 0.05) than for SBM. Increasing dietary CP concentration improved ( P < 0.01) feed efficiency when expressed as BWG/kg DM intake, but decreased markedly when expressed as BWG/kg CP intake. Assuming CP concentration of 170 g/kg BW marginal efficiency of the utilisation of incremental CP intake was only 0.05. Increasing dietary CP concentration had no effects on carcass weight, dressing proportion or conformation score, but it increased ( P < 0.01) fat score. Owing to limited production responses, higher prices of protein supplements compared with cereal grains and possible increases the N and P emissions, there is generally no benefit from using protein supplementation for growing cattle fed grass silage-based diets, provided that the supply of rumen-degradable protein is not limiting digestion in the rumen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of protein supplementation for growing cattle fed grass silage-based diets: a meta-analysis

Huuskonen

Huhtanen

Joki‐Tokola

2014

Animal

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“…Altering the diet forage/concentrate ratio can also be considered as a method of manipulating the synchronicity of diets. However, factors like the level of forage intake and its fermentation rate, composition of concentrate and its effect on the digestibility of the forage, makes it difficult to distinguish their effects from synchrony effects per se [37,62,86,101,113]. The observed effects may be more related to the amount Synchronising the availability of N and energy 3 and fermentation rate of organic matter (OM) in the rumen than specifically to the forage/ concentrate ratio [21].…”

Section: Changing Diet Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Evaluation of the effects of synchronising the availability of N and energy on rumen function and production responses of dairy cows – a review

et al. 2006

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-This paper reviews the effects of synchronising the availability of N and energy on rumen function and production responses of lactating dairy cows. The paper makes a key distinction between altering the synchronicity of diets by changing dietary ingredients, or by altering the feeding frequency or the feeding patterns. Manipulating synchrony by changing dietary ingredients presents some problems, since it is not possible to discount the possibility that apparent effects of synchrony are associated with the manipulation of the ingredients (level and type) themselves. These problems can be overcome, at least partially, by altering the feeding patterns. This review shows that the evidence for the benefits of synchronising energy and N supply to the rumen is contradictory, both for efficient microbial protein synthesis and for maximising milk production responses. dairy cow / energy / nitrogen / rumen / synchrony Résumé -Effets de la synchronisation de la disponibilité en azote et en énergie sur la fonction ruminale et les performances de production des vaches laitières -revue. Cet article passe en revue les effets d'une synchronisation entre les disponibilités en azote et en énergie sur la fonction ruminale et les performances de production des vaches laitières. Une distinction importante est faite entre les effets d'une synchronisation obtenue en changeant les ingrédients de la ration, et celle obtenue en modifiant le schéma et la fréquence d'apport d'aliment. La première solution conduit à des difficultés d'interprétation, car il devient impossible de distinguer les effets de la synchronisation de ceux dus à la nature et au niveau des ingrédients utilisés. La deuxième solution permet, au moins

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“…The rate of protein synthesis improved with moderate addition of barley-based concentrate to a silage diet (Thomas et al 1980, Rooke et al 1985, whereas further substitution gradually reduced the efficiency of synthesis (Harstad and Vik-Mo 1985). Hagemeister et al (1980) reported a tendency towards lower protein synthesis with rations containing very low (0-20%) or high (70-100%) proportions of concentrate. In the present study, the silage was of good quality in terms of fermentation characteristics (low concentrations of fermentation acids and ammonia N) and it was treated with formic acid-based silage additive.…”

Section: Animal Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Need for protein supplementation in the diet of growing dairy bulls fed total mixed ration based on moderate digestible grass silage and barley

Huuskonen¹,

Khalili²,

Joki‐Tokola³

2008

AFSci

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The objective of the present experiment was to study the need for the protein supplementation in the diet of growing dairy bulls (initial live weight 272 ± 28.5 kg and final live weight 666 ± 31.2 kg, on average) fed total mixed ration based on moderate digestible grass silage and barley. The experiment comprised 24 Finnish Ayrshire bulls and 8 Holstein-Friesian bulls and included four treatments. The control diet (C) consisted of moderate digestible (653 g digestible organic matter in dry matter (DM) grass silage (450 g kg -1 DM), barley grain (275) and barley fibre (275) without protein supplementation. Three isonitrogenous experimental diets included also extra protein, i.e. (1) rapeseed meal (RSM) (supplementation 530 g DM per animal day -1 ), (2) wet distillers' solubles (WDS) (600 g) and (3) a mixture of barley protein (90% of fresh weight) and wet distillers' solubles (10) (BPWDS) (480 g). In all isonitrogenous diets the crude protein content of concentrate increased from 137 to 150 g kg -1 DM (9%) compared with the C diet. All bulls were fed total mixed ration ad libitum. The energy content of all diets was 11.6 MJ kg -1 DM. The live weight gain of the bulls tended to be higher with the BPWDS diet than with the C diet (C 1214 vs. BPWDS 1301 g d -1 ; p = 0.10), but the treatments had no significant effect on carcass gain, feed conversion or slaughter parameters. Only the BPWDS diet differed significantly from the C diet in DM (C 9.69 vs. BPWDS 10.38 kg DM d -1; p < 0.01) and energy intake ; p < 0.05). The apparent organic matter digestibility (OMD) was 5% higher in the BPWDS diet than in the C diet (p < 0.001), but the RSM and WDS diets did not differ from the C diet in OMD. The results indicate that the supply of protein in dairy bulls is most probably adequate with moderate digestible, well-preserved grass silage and barley-based concentrates when intake of digestible organic matter is high enough to support microbial protein synthesis in the rumen.

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Microbial Protein Synthesis and Digestion in the High-Yielding Dairy Cow

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Evaluation of protein supplementation for growing cattle fed grass silage-based diets: a meta-analysis

Evaluation of protein supplementation for growing cattle fed grass silage-based diets: a meta-analysis

Evaluation of the effects of synchronising the availability of N and energy on rumen function and production responses of dairy cows – a review

Need for protein supplementation in the diet of growing dairy bulls fed total mixed ration based on moderate digestible grass silage and barley

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