Microbial quality and associated health risks of raw milk marketed in the Tanga region of Tanzania

Swai, ES; Schoonman, Luuk

doi:10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60030-0

Cited by 67 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…The overall mean AMBC observed in the current study was higher than the maximum recommended level of 2.0 × 10 6 cfu/ml. A higher count also suggests that the milk has been contaminated by bacteria from different possible sources and it might be related to the overall sanitary conditions followed by the producers [25]. Such reports with high count may be due the contribution of insufficient premilking udder preparation, the use of poor quality water for cleaning without heat treatment and cleanness of the storage container and time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygienic Practices and Bacteriological Quality of Cow Raw Milk from Selected Smallholder Dairy Farms of Mersa Town, North Wollo, Ethiopia

Oumer¹,

Tsegaye²,

Damtew³

et al. 2017

Eur J Exp Bio

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The present cross sectional study was conducted to assess hygienic practices and determination of bacterial load of milk when directly milked from the udder and from the collecting bucket at the farm level in selected smallholder of Mersa town; from November 2016 to May 2017. A total of 120 respondents were interviewed and 60 milk samples were collected for laboratory analysis to assess bacterial load. Aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts (AMBC) and coliform counts (CC) were conducted on milk samples. Results showed that, majority of small-dairy holders were males, managing their cattle in unclean environments and practicing extensive grazing system on communal grazing area. The mean aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts of raw milk samples analyzed were 5.81 log 10 cfu/ml (udder), 8.01 log 10 cfu/ml (bucket) The mean coliform counts were 3.7 log 10 cfu/ml (udder), 5.15 log 10 cfu/ml (bucket) and the increment of both counts at the milk bucket was observed statistically significant (P=0.000) and there was no significant variation between kebeles (P=0.921) for aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts and (P=0.715) for coliform count. According to international standards of raw milk quality, both of the above counts found to have values above the upper limits. Milk produced by the selected small-holder dairy cow owners in Mersa town were of poor quality and can be a potential source of milk-borne infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygienic Practices and Bacteriological Quality of Cow Raw Milk from Selected Smallholder Dairy Farms of Mersa Town, North Wollo, Ethiopia

Oumer¹,

Tsegaye²,

Damtew³

et al. 2017

Eur J Exp Bio

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“…Also, he concluded that containers used in the milk value chain contribute eminently to milk contamination. Use of plastic containers, lack of cooling before delivery and long duration in transportation favours quick bacterial multiplication (Swai and Schoonman, 2011). Moreover, the later authors reported that, two-thirds of farmers transport milk to cooperative by bicycle (one sometimes used the bus), motorbike or boat and a taxi.…”

Section: Dairy Farmers and Transporters Hygienic Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygienic practices and critical control points along the milk collection chains in smallholder collection and bulking enterprises in Nakuru and Nyandarua Counties, Kenya

Ndungu¹,

Mary²,

Muliro³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Food Sci.

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Dairy value chains link the actors and the activities involved in delivering milk and milk products from production to the final consumer. In every activity, the product increases in value from production, transportation, processing, packaging and storage. The study was designed to evaluate some hygienic practices along the value chain and develop the quality control system (CCPs) in the smallholder supply chain in Nakuru and Nyandarua County, Kenya. To assess the level using critical control points of compliance to hygienic code of practice, the questionnaires were developed and pre-tested before being administered to the selected individuals in the study. Descriptive statistics was used to depict the implementation of the code of hygienic practices in milk handling by the farmers, transporters, collection and bulking enterprises (CBEs) and the processor. Among the various aspects investigated at farm level in this study was, hand washing before milking, use of reusable udder cloth while milking, use of plastic containers in milk delivery, time taken to deliver milk, cleaning of the cow shed and awareness of the antibiotic resides in milk and its effect. The results indicated poor conformance to the hygienic code of practice along the dairy value chain in the smallholder supply system. The various factors that could contribute to raw milk quality deterioration were identified as, the critical control points (CCPs) using the hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) principles. Seven factors were identified at five critical points along the milk collection chains. The critical control points identified includes milking at the farm level, bulking milk in a fifty liters can at collection points, transportation, at the CBE platform and the cooling tank. The quality of raw cow's milk produced and marketed from the study areas was low.

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“…In developing countries, there are no available epidemiological statistics on milkborne outbreaks even though the sale of producer-distributor bulk milk (PDBM) is common. Suffice to say, in developing countries, the direct sale of milk to consumers plays an important role as it contributes to food security and nutrition as well as social and economic benefits (Swai and Schoonman, 2011). South Africa (SA) is one such country where the dairy industry is characterized by a growing number of PDs selling milk directly from producers to consumer in form of bulk tank milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae in producer-distributor bulk milk

Ntuli

Njage

Buys

2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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INTERPRETIVE SUMMARYCharacterization of E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae in producer-distributor bulk milk, Ntuli, The direct sale of milk from producer-distributor (PD) to consumers is a common practice in many countries. We characterized E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae in PD bulk milk sold at retail points in South Africa (SA). The study highlighted that there is a potential risk of transferring drug resistant pathogenic E. coli to consumers through the food chain.Information obtained from the study will be used to model the risk of pathogenic E. coli in PD milk and the proposal of most potentially effective mitigation efforts towards enhancing food security. ABSTRACTThe current study was undertaken to characterize Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae in raw and pasteurized producer-distributor bulk milk (PDBM). A total of 258 samples were collected from purchase points in 8 provinces in South Africa. The samples were tested for 1 antibiotic residues, phosphatase, total aerobic bacteria, coliforms and E. coli counts. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was used for identification of isolates. E. coli isolates were characterized for virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance, serotypes and presumptive E. coli O157:H7. Antibiotic residues and alkaline phosphatase were detected in 2 % (n=258) and 21 % (n=104) of the samples respectively. A total of 729 isolates belonging to 21 genera and 59 species were identified. E. coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca and Raoultella ornithinolytica were the most abundant species. Spoilage Enterobacteriaceae species exceeded 50 % of the total isolates. E. coli was detected and isolated from 36 % of the milk samples. Thirty one E. coli isolates harbored virulence genes stx1/stx2 and 38 % (n=121) were presumptive O157:H7. Prevalence of samples with presumptive shigatoxin producing E. coli (STEC) was 10 %. Antimicrobial resistant E. coli isolates were detected in 70 % of the milk samples with 36 % of stx1/stx2 positive E. coli showing multi-drug resistance. Information obtained from the study will be used for modelling the public health risk posed by milkborne pathogens in PDBM, which in many cases is consumed by the poor and vulnerable population.

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Microbial quality and associated health risks of raw milk marketed in the Tanga region of Tanzania

Cited by 67 publications

References 10 publications

Hygienic Practices and Bacteriological Quality of Cow Raw Milk from Selected Smallholder Dairy Farms of Mersa Town, North Wollo, Ethiopia

Hygienic Practices and Bacteriological Quality of Cow Raw Milk from Selected Smallholder Dairy Farms of Mersa Town, North Wollo, Ethiopia

Hygienic practices and critical control points along the milk collection chains in smallholder collection and bulking enterprises in Nakuru and Nyandarua Counties, Kenya

Characterization of Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae in producer-distributor bulk milk

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