Microbial Stimulation Reverses the Age-Related Decline in M Cells in Aged Mice

Donaldson, David S.; Pollock, Jolinda; Vohra, Prerna; Stevens, Mark P.; Mabbott, Neil A.

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101147

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…A more recent study by Donaldson et al highlights that age-related declines in intestinal immunity can be restored by boosting M-cell numbers through manipulation of the gut microbiome [ 76 ]. Both exposure of aged mice to a young microbiome or stimulation with flagellin were sufficient to observe this effect with restoration of M-cell maturation in Peyer’s patches, enhanced antigen uptake, and increased intestinal IgA responses in aged mice.…”

Section: General Hallmarks Of Immune Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aging gut microbiome and its impact on host immunity

2021

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The microbiome plays a fundamental role in the maturation, function, and regulation of the host-immune system from birth to old age. In return, the immune system has co-evolved a mutualistic relationship with trillions of beneficial microbes residing our bodies while mounting efficient responses to fight invading pathogens. As we age, both the immune system and the gut microbiome undergo significant changes in composition and function that correlate with increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and reduced vaccination responses. Emerging studies suggest that targeting age-related dysbiosis can improve health- and lifespan, in part through reducing systemic low-grade inflammation and immunosenescence—two hallmarks of the aging process. However—a cause and effect relationship of age-related dysbiosis and associated functional declines in immune cell functioning have yet to be demonstrated in clinical settings. This review aims to (i) give an overview on hallmarks of the aging immune system and gut microbiome, (ii) discuss the impact of age-related changes in the gut commensal community structure (introduced as microb-aging) on host-immune fitness and health, and (iii) summarize prebiotic- and probiotic clinical intervention trials aiming to reinforce age-related declines in immune cell functioning through microbiome modulation or rejuvenation.

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Section: General Hallmarks Of Immune Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aging gut microbiome and its impact on host immunity

2021

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“…tuberculosis virulence factor EsxA and scavenger receptor B1 on M cells in the airway epithelium [ 91 ]. With microbiota composition implicated in M cell density and functionality in the gut [ 92 ], microbiota contributions to airway M cell functions remain to be elucidated, including implications for M . tuberculosis infection in the antibiotic-naïve or antibiotic-experienced host.…”

Section: Microbiome-immune Crosstalk and Host Control Of M Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome-immune interactions in tuberculosis

2021

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains an infectious disease of global significance and a leading cause of death in low- and middle-income countries. Significant effort has been directed towards understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomics, virulence, and pathophysiology within the framework of Koch postulates. More recently, the advent of “-omics” approaches has broadened our appreciation of how “commensal” microbes have coevolved with their host and have a central role in shaping health and susceptibility to disease. It is now clear that there is a diverse repertoire of interactions between the microbiota and host immune responses that can either sustain or disrupt homeostasis. In the context of the global efforts to combatting TB, such findings and knowledge have raised important questions: Does microbiome composition indicate or determine susceptibility or resistance to M. tuberculosis infection? Is the development of active disease or latent infection upon M. tuberculosis exposure influenced by the microbiome? Does microbiome composition influence TB therapy outcome and risk of reinfection with M. tuberculosis? Can the microbiome be actively managed to reduce risk of M. tuberculosis infection or recurrence of TB? Here, we explore these questions with a particular focus on microbiome-immune interactions that may affect TB susceptibility, manifestation and progression, the long-term implications of anti-TB therapy, as well as the potential of the host microbiome as target for clinical manipulation.

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“…M cells are present on the follicle‐associated epithelium overlying Peyer's patches beginning in utero and have not been shown to change in density or transport capacity during early life. In aged mice, the density and function of M cells decrease, 65,66 though this suggests M cell‐mediated transport represents a consistent pathway for antigen delivery from early life through most of adulthood.…”

Section: Establishing Oral Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of oral antigen delivery early in life: Implications for oral tolerance and food allergy

Yokanovich

Newberry

Knoop

2021

Clin Experimental Allergy

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The increasing incidence of food allergy remains a significant public health concern. Food allergy is partially due to a lack, or loss of tolerance to food allergens. Clinical outcomes surrounding early life practices, such as breastfeeding, antibiotic use and food allergen exposure, indicate the first year of life in children represents a unique time for shaping the immune system to reduce allergic outcomes. Animal models have identified distinctive aspects of when and where dietary antigens are delivered within the intestinal tract to promote oral tolerance prior to weaning. Additionally, animal models have identified contributions from maternal proteins from breast milk and bacterial products from the gut microbiota in regulating dietary antigen exposure and promoting oral tolerance, thus connecting decades of clinical observations on the benefits of breastfeeding, early food allergen introduction and antibiotic avoidance in the first year of life in reducing allergic outcomes. Here, we discuss how exposure to gut luminal antigens, including food allergens, is regulated in early life to generate protective tolerance and the implications of this process for preventing and treating food allergies.

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Microbial Stimulation Reverses the Age-Related Decline in M Cells in Aged Mice

Cited by 29 publications

References 73 publications

The aging gut microbiome and its impact on host immunity

The aging gut microbiome and its impact on host immunity

Microbiome-immune interactions in tuberculosis

Regulation of oral antigen delivery early in life: Implications for oral tolerance and food allergy

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