Microbial surfactant mediated degradation of anthracene in aqueous phase by marine Bacillus licheniformis MTCC 5514

Abstract

The present study emphasizes the biosurfactant mediated anthracene degradation by a marine alkaliphile Bacillus licheniformis (MTCC 5514). The isolate, MTCC 5514 degraded >95% of 300 ppm anthracene in an aqueous medium within 22 days and the degradation percentage reduced significantly when the concentration of anthracene increased to above 500 ppm. Naphthalene, naphthalene 2-methyl, phthalic acid and benzene acetic acid are the products of degradation identified based on thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and mass analyses. It has been observed that the degradation is initiated by the biosurfactant of the isolate for solubilization through micellation and then the alkali pH and intra/extra cellular degradative enzymes accomplish the degradation process. Encoding of genes responsible for biosurfactant production (licA3) as well as catabolic reactions (C23O) made with suitable primers designed. The study concludes in situ production of biosurfactant mediates the degradation of anthracene by B. licheniformis.

Biodegradation of anthracene by a newly isolated bacterial strain,Bacillus thuringiensisAT.ISM.1, isolated from a fly ash deposition site

“…Haldane model projected the substrate inhibition constant value more accurately (K i = 18Á755 mg l À1 , above which the specific growth and substrate degradation rates fall) and the K i value have similarity with the experimentally obtained value of 16 mg l À1 . It is worth mentioning that while seeking for similar reports to compare the model parameter values acquired from the earlier studies (Cheung et al 2008;Santos et al 2008;Zebulun et al 2010;Arulazhagan and Vasudevan 2011;Ahmed et al 2012;Cui et al 2014;Salam et al 2014;Swaathy et al 2014;Ntougias et al 2015;Ortega-Gonzalez et al 2015), we found no similar bacterial growth kinetic report on anthracene.…”

“…); Bacillus licheniformis MTCC 5514 also provides a pathway consisting of anthraquinone, phthalic acid, benzoic acid and catechol (Swaathy et al . ); degradation of the anthracene by Mycobacterium sp. PYR‐1 results in anthraquinone, carboxylic acid derivative and coumarin derivatives (Moody and Freeman ); Pseudomonas fluorescens 26K and Arthrobacter sp.…”

“…Derivatives of anthraquinone, phthalic acid, benzoic acid, propionic acid, coumarin, catechol etc. has been reported as degradation by-products of anthracene with well-established pathways (Moody and Freeman 2001;Baboshin et al 2005;Hadibarata et al 2011Hadibarata et al , 2013Ahmed et al 2012;Cui et al 2014;Swaathy et al 2014).…”

Role of Bacillus licheniformis VS16-Derived Biosurfactant in Mediating Immune Responses in Carp Rohu and its Application to the Food Industry

“…Bacterial genera such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Halomonas, Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Rhodococcus , and Enterococcus have been reported to produce various types of biosurfactants (Satpure et al, 2010). The genus Bacillus consists of versatile microbial species that exhibit considerable biosurfactant production and produce cyclic lipopeptides and lipoproteins that include surfactins, fengicins, lichenysins, and bacillomycin as the major types biosurfactants (Mukherjee and Das, 2005; Swaathy et al, 2014). …”

Toxicity and biodegradation of ibuprofen by Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b)

“…This results mainly from the structure of their cellular membranes as well as from their ability to synthesise surface-active agents and specific enzymes (Satchanska et al 2006; Solyanikova et al 2014; Swaathy et al 2014; Trivedi et al 2011). For this study, B. thuringiensis B1(2015b) isolated from the soil at the Chemical Factory “Organika-Azot” in Jaworzno and able to degrade ibuprofen and naproxen was used (Marchlewicz et al 2016).…”