Microbiological laboratory diagnostics of neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs)

Schwarz, Norbert; Loderstaedt, Ulrike; Hahn, Andreas; Hinz, Rebecca; Zautner, Andreas E.; Eibach, Daniel; Fischer, M.; Hagen, Ralf Matthias; Frickmann, Hagen

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.09.003

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 320 publications

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“…that infect livestock due to the very low infectious dose [19–20]. In many low-income countries, there are few or no bio-safety level 3 laboratories available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and characterization of Brucella spp. in bovine milk in small-scale urban and peri-urban farming in Tajikistan

et al. 2017

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Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonoses globally, and Central Asia remains a Brucella hotspot. The World Health Organization classifies brucellosis as a neglected zoonotic disease that is rarely in the spotlight for research and mainly affects poor, marginalized people. Urban and peri-urban farming is a common practice in many low-income countries, and it increases the incomes of families that are often restrained by limited economic resources. However, there is a concern that the growing number of people and livestock living close together in these areas will increase the transmission of zoonotic pathogens such as Brucella. This study investigates the presence of Brucella DNA in bovine milk in the urban and peri-urban area of Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Brucella DNA was detected in 10.3% of 564 cow milk samples by IS711-based real-time PCR. This finding is concerning because consumption of unpasteurized dairy products is common in the region. Furthermore, Brucella DNA was detected in the milk of all seropositive cows, but 8.3% of the seronegative cows also showed the presence of Brucella DNA. In addition, sequence analysis of the rpoB gene suggests that one cow was infected with B. abortus and another cow was most likely infected with B. melitensis. The discrepancies between the serology and real-time PCR results highlight the need to further investigate whether there is a need for implementing complementary diagnostic strategies to detect false serological negative individuals in Brucella surveillance, control, and eradication programmes. Furthermore, vaccination of cattle with S19 in addition to vaccination of small ruminants with Rev 1 might be needed in order to control Brucella infections in the livestock population but further research focusing on the isolation of Brucella is required to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the Brucella spp. circulating among the livestock in this region.

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“…that infect livestock due to the very low infectious dose [19–20]. In many low-income countries, there are few or no bio-safety level 3 laboratories available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and characterization of Brucella spp. in bovine milk in small-scale urban and peri-urban farming in Tajikistan

et al. 2017

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“…Despite the relevance of species identification in clinical and epidemiological terms, this is not carried out routinely in most clinical centers and is generally limited to research laboratories 13,14 . Based on existing information, some countries have attempted to describe the circulating species in their territories 11,[15][16][17] , without reaching the micro-geographical scale.…”

Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

An interactive database of Leishmania species distribution in the Americas

et al. 2020

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the americas have an elevated number of leishmaniasis cases (accounting for two-thirds of the worldwide disease burden) and circulating Leishmania species, and are therefore of interest in terms of epidemiological surveillance. Here, we present a systematic review of Leishmania parasite species circulating in the countries of the american continent, together with complementary information on epidemiology and geospatial distribution. A database was built from data published between 1980 and 2018 on Leishmania species identified in most of the American countries. A total of 1499 georeferenced points were extracted from published articles and subsequently located to 14 countries in the Americas. this database could be used as a reference when surveilling the occurrence of Leishmania species in the continent.

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“…However, clinical manifestations are often varied and symptoms can be subclinical, whereas culture methods are time-consuming and often produce no yield. 7,8 All of these factors contribute to the low sensitivity associated with these methods. 9 On the other hand, molecular methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are used primarily in research and approach 99-100% in both sensitivity and specificity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Negative Microscopic Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Rural Peru

Lamm

Alves

Perrotta

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic to South America where diagnosis is most commonly conducted via microscopy. Patients with suspected leishmaniasis were referred for enrollment by the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Lima, Iquitos, Puerto Maldonado, and several rural areas of Peru. A 43-question survey requesting age, gender, occupation, characterization of the lesion(s), history of leishmaniasis, and insect-deterrent behaviors was administered. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted on lesion materials at the Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 in Lima, and the results were compared with those obtained by the MoH using microscopy. Factors associated with negative microscopy and positive PCR results were identified using χ test, -test, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Negative microscopy with positive PCR occurred in 31% (123/403) of the 403 cases. After adjusting for confounders, binary multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that negative microscopy with positive PCR was associated with patients who were male (adjusted odds ration [OR] = 1.93 [1.06-3.53], = 0.032), had previous leishmaniasis (adjusted OR = 2.93 [1.65-5.22], < 0.0001), had larger lesions (adjusted OR = 1.02 [1.003-1.03], = 0.016), and/or had a longer duration between lesion appearance and PCR testing (adjusted OR = 1.12 [1.02-1.22], = 0.017). Future research should focus on further exploration of these underlying variables, discovery of other factors that may be associated with negative microscopy diagnosis, and the development and implementation of improved testing in endemic regions.

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Microbiological laboratory diagnostics of neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs)

Cited by 33 publications

References 320 publications

Detection and characterization of Brucella spp. in bovine milk in small-scale urban and peri-urban farming in Tajikistan

Detection and characterization of Brucella spp. in bovine milk in small-scale urban and peri-urban farming in Tajikistan

An interactive database of Leishmania species distribution in the Americas

Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Negative Microscopic Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Rural Peru

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