Microbiology of Pollen and Bee Bread : The Yeasts

Gilliam, Martha

doi:10.1051/apido:19790106

Cited by 122 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The high counts further suggest that S. meliponinorum is not an agent of food spoilage for these bees, but rather that a close mutualistic association exists between the yeast and the insects. Gilliam (1979) suggested that Candida magnoliae, a member of the Starmerella clade, is actively added to trapped pollen by Apis mellifera. The yeast was absent in the pollen of almond flowers before they were visited by the honey bees, but occurred in the guts of adult workers, trapped pollen and bee bread samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starmerella meliponinorum sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast species associated with stingless bees

Teixeira

Marini

Nicoli

et al. 2003

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Thirty-two strains of the novel species Starmerella meliponinorum sp. nov. were isolated from various substrates associated with three stingless bee species (tribe Meliponini) in Brazil and one in Costa Rica. The strains were found in garbage pellets (faecal material, discarded pollen or food, etc.), pollen provisions, adult bees, honey and propolis of Tetragonisca angustula, in honey from Melipona quadrifasciata and in adults of Melipona rufiventris and Trigona fulviventris. The sequence of the D1/D2 domains of the large-subunit rDNA showed that the novel species belongs to the Starmerella clade and is most closely related to Candida etchellsii, although the two differ in their sequences by 7 % base substitutions. S. meliponinorum is homothallic and assimilates few carbon sources. Nitrate is utilized as a sole nitrogen source. The type strain of S. meliponinorum is strain UFMG-01-J26.1 T (=CBS 9117 T ).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starmerella meliponinorum sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast species associated with stingless bees

Teixeira

Marini

Nicoli

et al. 2003

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…Pollen collected by bees is mixed with a small amount of honey and saliva and packed into the cells of the honeycomb where it undergoes a chemical change to form a product called beebread (Gilliam, 1979). Products of Apis mellifera have been widely used for centuries in traditional medicine all over the world due to their nutritional and medical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of beebread, and its influence on the glioblastoma cell line (U87MG)

Markiewicz‐Żukowska¹,

Naliwajko²,

Bartosiuk³

et al. 2013

Journal of Apicultural Science

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A b s t r a c t Beebread is processed pollen stored in the cells of the honeycomb, with the addition of various enzymes and honey, which undergoes lactic acid fermentation. Ethanolic extracts (EBBs) were obtained from three different samples of beebread from Poland. Assays were carried out for the determination of chemical composition (GC/MS), for the total phenolic content, and for the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. The effects of beebread extracts (10, 20, 30, 50, 100 µg/mL) on the viability of the glioblastoma cell line (U87MG) were studied after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Our results indicated a time-dependent inhibitory effect on the viability of U87MG cells treated EBB. The main inhibitory effect of EBB was observed after 72 h; EBB treatment decreased cell viability to 49 -66%.

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“…Beebread is processed pollen stored with the addition of various enzymes and honey, which is subjected to lactic acid fermentation (11) by LAB present in flowers, silage, and the environment. Enterococci have been isolated from vegetable matter, reptiles, and insects, but there are no references to these microorganisms associated with honeybees (9,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The titer (22,260 AU ml Ϫ1 ) remained unchanged after 6 h of incubation and 24 h of culture. Besides, E. avium PA1 produced its bacteriocin in a high-ionic-strength medium (4.5% [wt/vol] NaCl) and after 24 h at 45°C (11,130 and 20,480 AU ml Ϫ1 , respectively). The substance's stability in storage at diverse temperatures (Ϫ20°C, 4°C, and 25°C) and for several months was remarkable.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriocin from Honeybee Beebread Enterococcus avium , Active against Listeria monocytogenes

Audisio

Terzolo

Apella

2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Enterococcus avium isolated from Apis mellifera beebread produces a thermoresistant bacteriocin with a strain-dependent inhibitory effect on Listeria and without effect on gram-negative bacteria. The bacteriocin appeared to be a polypeptide of about 6 kDa. Genetic analyses revealed no extrachromosomal material in E. avium.Our general objective is to characterize and select lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that may be of probiotic relevance (1-3). Beebread is processed pollen stored with the addition of various enzymes and honey, which is subjected to lactic acid fermentation (11) by LAB present in flowers, silage, and the environment. Enterococci have been isolated from vegetable matter, reptiles, and insects, but there are no references to these microorganisms associated with honeybees (9, 17). Since no previous studies of LAB associated with the common honeybee were found, we screened the Apis mellifera intestinal tract and beebread samples for these microorganisms.Enterococcus avium PA1 was isolated from Streptococcus selective medium (1) incubated at 37°C for 24 to 48 h and characterized by biochemical tests (8), by carbohydrate fermentation pattern (APICH50), and on the basis of its 16S rRNA sequences.Inhibition assays performed with E. avium PA1 cell-free supernatant (CFS) from brain heart infusion (BHI) broth were studied with the well diffusion assay (18). Twenty-three microliters of CFS was placed in wells cut in BHI agar plates previously seeded with the indicator strains (final concentration, ca. 1 ϫ 10 9 CFU ml Ϫ1 ). The plates were incubated at 25 to 30°C for 12 to 24 h and examined for inhibition halos. The inhibitory substance suspension titer was determined by serial twofold dilution and expressed in arbitrary units (AU) per milliliter (7). Indicator strains and their sensitivities to E. avium PA1 CFS at pH 5.5 are indicated in Table 1.The physicochemical nature of the antagonistic substance was determined by studying the anti-Listeria activity of the CFS at pH 5.5 heated to 121°C for 15 min in an autoclave and treated with proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, papain, ␣-chymotrypsin, and pepsin), catalase, and lysozyme. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis was performed with 20 l CFS mixed with 7 l of running buffer and heated at 100°C for 5 min (16). After 3 h electrophoresis at 65 V, gel was removed and assayed for molecular weight estimation and biological assay (4). Extrachromosomal material was also determined in E. avium PA1 cells (5).The mode of action of bacteriocin on nonproliferating L. monocytogenes cells was studied. An overnight culture of L. monocytogenes 01/198 in BHI broth was harvested by centrifugation, and cells were resuspended in phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH 7.00) to a final concentration of ca. 10 9 CFU ml Ϫ1. A bacteriocin solution was mixed in equal amounts with the cell suspension and incubated for 2 h at 37°C. Counts of listeriae were determined on BHI agar (1.5%, wt/vol) incubated at 30°C for 24 h.The assays were performed in triplicate. Data were analy...

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Microbiology of Pollen and Bee Bread : The Yeasts

Cited by 122 publications

References 9 publications

Starmerella meliponinorum sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast species associated with stingless bees

Starmerella meliponinorum sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast species associated with stingless bees

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of beebread, and its influence on the glioblastoma cell line (U87MG)

Bacteriocin from Honeybee Beebread Enterococcus avium , Active against Listeria monocytogenes

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