Microbiome frequency and their association with trypanosome infection in male Glossina morsitans centralis of Western Zambia

Mbewe, Njelembo J.; Mweempwa, Cornelius; Guya, Samuel; Wamwiri, Florence N.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.04.027

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In our study, the Tc infection rate was high in G. m. morsitans and G. pallidipes, which does not agree with the reported Trypanosoma infection in G. m. morsitans from Malawi where T. brucei prevalence was 64.4% but all other Trypanosoma infections were < 10% 61 . The mixed infection of Trypanosoma species/subspecies is in agreement with previous reports 35,55,60,62 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In addition, the methods used were standardized and all carried out in one laboratory that avoided discrepancies in the results due to different handling of tsetse samples, DNA extraction, and PCR methods as observed in these other studies that were done in different laboratories. Our results indicate that Sodalis and Trypanosoma prevalence varied with tsetse species and geographical location (with an overall trypanosome prevalence of 23,5%), which agrees with many previous studies 55 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…High Trypanosoma prevalence (> 30%) was also found in G. m. morsitans and G. pallidipes from central and east Africa which is in agreement with the high prevalence of Trypanosoma species found in G. m. morsitans in Zambia with infection rates of 73.7%, 35.3% and 32.9% for T. brucei s.l., T. b. rhodesiense and T. vivax, respectively 36 . In addition, 23% of G. m. centralis sampled in Zambia 55 and 33% of G. m. morsitans sampled in Malawi 56 were positive for a Trypanosoma infection. Our results agreed with the high prevalence of Trypanosoma infection in G. pallidipes were similar studies done in Tanzania 57 and Kenya 33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Trypanosoma and Sodalis in Wild Populations of Tsetse Flies: Impact on Sit Programmes for Tsetse Eradication

Dieng¹,

Dera²,

Moyaba

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Tsetse flies, the vectors of African Trypanosoma, have a highly regulated and defined microbial fauna composed of three bacterial symbionts that may have a role to play in the establishment of Trypanosoma infections in the flies and hence, may influence the vectorial competence of the released sterile males. Sodalis bacteria seem to interact with Trypanosoma infection in tsetse flies. Field-caught tsetse flies of ten different taxa and from 15 countries were screened using PCR to detect the presence of Sodalis and Trypanosoma species and their interaction. The results indicate that the prevalence of Sodalis and Trypanosoma varied with country and tsetse species. Trypanosome prevalence was higher in east, central and southern African countries than in west African countries. Tsetse fly infection rates with Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanozoon spp were higher in west African countries, whereas tsetse infection with Trypanosoma congolense and T. simiae, T. simiae (tsavo) and T. godfreyi infection prevalence were higher in east, central and south African countries. Sodalis prevalence was high in Glossina morsitans morsitans and G. pallidipes but absent in Glossina tachinoides. Double and triple infections with Trypanosoma taxa and coinfection of Sodalis and Trypanosoma were rarely observed but it occurs in some taxa and locations. A significant Chi square value (< 0.05) seems to suggest that Sodalis and Trypanosoma infection correlate in Glossina palpalis gambiensis, Glossina pallidipes and Glossina medicorum. Trypanosoma infection significantly increased the density of Sodalis in wild G. m. morsitans and G. pallidipes flies however no significant impact of Sodalis infection on trypanosome density.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence of Trypanosoma and Sodalis in Wild Populations of Tsetse Flies: Impact on Sit Programmes for Tsetse Eradication

Dieng¹,

Dera²,

Moyaba

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some studies have been carried out to identify factors that in uence trypanosome infection in tsetse ies. Factors that in uence infection include age [6], sex and site of capture [7], starvation [8], microbiome symbionts [9,10] among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Wing Length on the Prevalence of Trypanosomes in Glossina Morsitans Morsitans in Eastern Zambia

Mweempwa¹,

Chilongo

Hayashida

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundTsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) transmit trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in livestock). Several studies have indicated that the age, sex, site of capture, starvation and microbiome symbionts, among others, are important factors influencing trypanosome infection in tsetse flies. However, reasons for a higher infection rate in females than in males still largely remain unknown. As species and sexes of tsetse flies of larger body size are the most mobile and the most available to stationary baits, it was hypothesized in this study that, the higher trypanosome prevalence in female than in male tsetse flies was because females were larger than males.Materials and methodsBlack screen fly rounds and epsilon traps were used to collect tsetse flies in eastern Zambia. Wing vein length was measured and the presence of trypanosomes was examined by microscopy. Principal component method was carried out to determine which variables had potential to be used as predictor variables. The multilevel binary logistic regression method was applied on whole data, one-method data and one-sex data sets to evaluate the hypothesis. ResultsA total of 2,195 Glossina m. morsitans data were evaluated (1,491 and 704 males and females, respectively). The wing length variable contributed the highest variance percentage (39.15%) to the first principal component. The wing length variable showed significant influence on prevalence of trypanosomes when the whole data set was analyzed. The log odds for the prevalence of trypanosomes significantly increased by 0.123 (p = 0.032), per unit increase in wing length. Moreover, moving from females to males, wing length significantly reduced by 0.150 (p < 0.0001) and females had higher trypanosome prevalence rates than males, though not always significant. ConclusionWing length is an important determinant factor for trypanosome prevalence in G. m. morsitans and could partially explain the higher prevalence of trypanosomes in females than in males. To verify this status, however, it’s clear that, reasonably representative population data is required for analysis – a serious challenge with the current tsetse sampling methods. Nonetheless, analysis of combined data from mobile and stationary methods that includes both sexes data, could verify the status.

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“…In a study by Hargrove [ 2 ], age structures determined from samples of tsetse flies caught using different methods differed significantly in six out of ten pair comparisons in G. m. morsitans and in all ten pair comparisons in G. pallidipes , and the differences were attributed to increased flight activity with age. Some studies have been carried out to identify factors that influence rates of trypanosome infection in tsetse flies and these factors include age [ 5 ], sex and site of capture [ 6 ], starvation [ 7 ] and microbiome symbionts [ 8 , 9 ] among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of wing length on the prevalence of trypanosomes in Glossina morsitans morsitans in eastern Zambia

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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Background Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) transmit trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in livestock). Several studies have indicated that age, sex, site of capture, starvation and microbiome symbionts, among others, are important factors that influence trypanosome infection in tsetse flies. However, reasons for a higher infection rate in females than in males still largely remain unknown. Considering that tsetse species and sexes of larger body size are the most mobile and the most available to stationary baits, it was hypothesized in this study that the higher trypanosome prevalence in female than in male tsetse flies was a consequence of females being larger than males. Methods Black screen fly rounds and Epsilon traps were used to collect tsetse flies in eastern Zambia. Measurement of wing vein length and examination for presence of trypanosomes in the flies were carried out by microscopy. Principal component method was carried out to assess the potential of wing vein length as a predictor variable. The multilevel binary logistic regression method was applied on whole data, one-method data and one-sex data sets to evaluate the hypothesis. Results Data derived from a total of 2195 Glossina morsitans morsitans were evaluated (1491 males and 704 females). The wing length variable contributed the highest variance percentage (39.2%) to the first principal component. The variable showed significant influence on prevalence of trypanosomes when the analysis was applied on the whole data set, with the log odds for the prevalence of trypanosomes significantly increasing by 0.1 (P = 0.032), per unit increase in wing length. Females had higher trypanosome prevalence rates than males, though not always significant. Furthermore, moving from females to males, wing length significantly reduced by 0.2 (P < 0.0001). Conclusions We conclude that wing length is an important predictor variable for trypanosome prevalence in Glossina morsitans morsitans and could partially explain the higher prevalence of trypanosomes in females than in males. However, reasonably representative population data are required for analysis—a serious challenge with the current tsetse sampling methods. Thus, analysis combining data from mobile and stationary methods that include both sexes' data could be useful to verify this hypothesis. Graphical abstract

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Microbiome frequency and their association with trypanosome infection in male Glossina morsitans centralis of Western Zambia

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Prevalence of Trypanosoma and Sodalis in Wild Populations of Tsetse Flies: Impact on Sit Programmes for Tsetse Eradication

Prevalence of Trypanosoma and Sodalis in Wild Populations of Tsetse Flies: Impact on Sit Programmes for Tsetse Eradication

Effect of Wing Length on the Prevalence of Trypanosomes in Glossina Morsitans Morsitans in Eastern Zambia

Effect of wing length on the prevalence of trypanosomes in Glossina morsitans morsitans in eastern Zambia

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