Microbiome‐immune‐metabolic axis in the epidemic of childhood obesity: Evidence and opportunities

Kincaid, Halle J; Nagpal, Ravinder; Yadav, Hariom

doi:10.1111/obr.12963

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The main factors contributing to the growth of the adipose cells have been found to be strictly connected and involved in the so-called “microbiome-immune-metabolic axis”, a series of connections between the gut microbiome, the immune system and metabolic organs as adipose tissue [ 20 ].…”

Section: Pregnancy and Bat In Newborns: The Role Of Fetal Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most studied contributors in fetal adiposity development is the maternal gestational weight gain. Excessive gestational weight gain, in early and mid-pregnancy, has been associated with high birth weight and lower leptin levels in offspring, factors known to increase the risk of overweight later in life [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Pregnancy and Bat In Newborns: The Role Of Fetal Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brown Adipose Tissue: New Challenges for Prevention of Childhood Obesity. A Narrative Review

et al. 2021

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Pediatric obesity remains a challenge in modern society. Recently, research has focused on the role of the brown adipose tissue (BAT) as a potential target of intervention. In this review, we revised preclinical and clinical works on factors that may promote BAT or browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) from fetal age to adolescence. Maternal lifestyle, type of breastfeeding and healthy microbiota can affect the thermogenic activity of BAT. Environmental factors such as exposure to cold or physical activity also play a role in promoting and activating BAT. Most of the evidence is preclinical, although in clinic there is some evidence on the role of omega-3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA) supplementation on BAT activation. Clinical studies are needed to dissect the early factors and their modulation to allow proper BAT development and functions and to prevent onset of childhood obesity.

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Section: Pregnancy and Bat In Newborns: The Role Of Fetal Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pregnancy and Bat In Newborns: The Role Of Fetal Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brown Adipose Tissue: New Challenges for Prevention of Childhood Obesity. A Narrative Review

et al. 2021

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“…Regarding antibiotic use, a recent meta-analysis found a small association between antibiotic use during infancy and risk of children becoming overweight or obese (based on weight indices) at older age (OR = 1.05; 95% CI 1.00, 1.11), as previous studies have presented controversial results [ 74 ]. Despite these findings, mechanistic studies using germ-free animal models have confirmed the causal role of gut microbiome in the obesity pathogenesis and the associations between Lachnospiraceae family and adiposity development [ 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ]. Please see Kincaid et al for a comprehensive review of the literature discussing the most recent animal and human evidence on the interactions between gut microbiome, early life exposures, and obesity onset [ 78 ].…”

Section: Adipose Tissue Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these findings, mechanistic studies using germ-free animal models have confirmed the causal role of gut microbiome in the obesity pathogenesis and the associations between Lachnospiraceae family and adiposity development [ 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ]. Please see Kincaid et al for a comprehensive review of the literature discussing the most recent animal and human evidence on the interactions between gut microbiome, early life exposures, and obesity onset [ 78 ].…”

Section: Adipose Tissue Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose Tissue Development and Expansion from the Womb to Adolescence: An Overview

et al. 2020

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Prevalence rates of pediatric obesity continue to rise worldwide. Adipose tissue (AT) development and expansion initiate in the fetus and extend throughout the lifespan. This paper presents an overview of the AT developmental trajectories from the intrauterine period to adolescence; factors determining adiposity expansion are also discussed. The greatest fetal increases in AT were observed in the third pregnancy trimester, with growing evidence suggesting that maternal health and nutrition, toxin exposure, and genetic defects impact AT development. From birth up to six months, healthy term newborns experience steep increases in AT; but a subsequent reduction in AT is observed during infancy. Important determinants of AT in infancy identified in this review included feeding practices and factors shaping the gut microbiome. Low AT accrual rates are maintained up to puberty onset, at which time, the pattern of adiposity expansion becomes sex dependent. As girls experience rapid increases and boys experience decreases in AT, sexual dimorphism in hormone secretion can be considered the main contributor for changes. Eating patterns/behaviors and interactions between dietary components, gut microbiome, and immune cells also influence AT expansion. Despite the plasticity of this tissue, substantial evidence supports that adiposity at birth and infancy highly influences its levels across subsequent life stages. Thus, a unique window of opportunity for the prevention and/or slowing down of the predisposition toward obesity, exists from pregnancy through childhood.

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“…Several studies have reported that the microbial community extensively impacts host health by influencing intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, local and systemic immunity, and metabolism. Intestinal dysbacteriosis is associated with obesity, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome [ 1 – 4 ]. Diet, environment, and host genetics influence the composition of the gut microbiota, and contribute to the high compositional diversity between individuals, which are comparable to unique fingerprints [ 5 – 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and genomic characterization of five novel strains of Erysipelotrichaceae from commercial pigs

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2021

BMC Microbiol

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Background Members of the Erysipelotrichaceae family have a high abundance in the intestinal tract of mammals, and have been reported to be associated with host metabolic disorders and inflammatory diseases. In our previous study, we found that the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae strains in the cecum was associated with the concentration of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). However, only a few members of Erysipelotrichaceae have been isolated and cultured, and their main characteristics, genomic information and the functional capacity of carbohydrate metabolism remain unknown. Results In this study, we tested 10 different kinds of commercially available media and successfully isolated five Erysipelotrichaceae strains from healthy porcine feces. The five isolates were Gram-positive, and their colonies on Gifu anaerobic medium (GAM) or modified GAM were approximately 0.25–1.0 mm in diameter, and they were circular, white, convex, moist, translucent, and contained colony margins. These isolates were subjected to Oxford Nanopore and Illumina whole-genome sequencing, genome assembly, and annotation. Based on whole-genome sequences, the five strains belong to Erysipelotrichaceae bacterium OH741_COT-311, Eubacterium sp. AM28–29, and Faecalitalea cylindroides. The GC content of the five strains ranged from 34.1 to 37.37%. Functional annotation based on the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways revealed tens to hundreds of strain-specific proteins among different strains, and even between the strains showing high 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. Prediction analysis of carbohydrate metabolism revealed different capacities for metabolizing carbohydrate substrates among Erysipelotrichaceae strains. We identified that genes related to the GalNAc metabolism pathway were enriched in the genomes of all five isolates and 16 Erysipelotrichaceae strains downloaded from GenBank, suggesting the importance of GalNAc metabolism in Erysipelotrichaceae strains. Polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) analysis revealed that the strains of Erysipelotrichaceae may have the ability to utilize plant polysaccharides. Conclusions The present study not only reports the successful isolation of novel Erysipelotrichaceae strains that enrich the cultured strains of Erysipelotrichaceae, but also provided the genome information of Erysipelotrichaceae strains for further studying the function roles of Erysipelotrichaceae in host phenotypes.

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Microbiome‐immune‐metabolic axis in the epidemic of childhood obesity: Evidence and opportunities

Cited by 21 publications

References 84 publications

Brown Adipose Tissue: New Challenges for Prevention of Childhood Obesity. A Narrative Review

Brown Adipose Tissue: New Challenges for Prevention of Childhood Obesity. A Narrative Review

Adipose Tissue Development and Expansion from the Womb to Adolescence: An Overview

Isolation and genomic characterization of five novel strains of Erysipelotrichaceae from commercial pigs

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