Microbiome of the Aerodigestive Tract in Health and Esophageal Disease

Hasan, Aws; Hasan, Laith K; Schnabl, Bernd; Greytak, Madeline; Yadlapati, Rena

doi:10.1007/s10620-020-06720-6

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Indirektni čimbenici podrazu mijevaju ezofagobronhalni refleks te disbalans mikro bioma koji prirodno nastanjuje sluznicu aerodigestiv nog puta. [3][4][5] Iako se dijagnoza LPRa svakodnevno postavlja od strane otorinolaringologa te je očekivan porast preva lencije LPRa u razvijenim zemljama s obzirom na način prehrane i stila života (brza hrana, zakiseljavanje hrane, sokovi, kava), točna incidencija i prevalencija nije poznata. Nemogućnost određivanja incidencije i prevalencije posljedica je neujednačenih kriterija za postavljanje dijagnoze te preklapanja simptoma sa simptomima i kliničkim znakovima GERBa i drugih respiratornih bolesti.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…22 Među indirektne čimbenike koji utječu na razvoj simptoma LPRa ubrajamo ezofagobronhalni refleks te poremećaj prirodnog mikrobioma sluznice aerodige stivnog puta. 3,5 Ezofagobronhalni refleks je vagusom posredovan refleks koji nastaje uslijed pojačane aktiv nosti parasimpatikusa, koji dovodi do bronhokon strikcije te razvoja simptoma nalik onima u astme. 3,4 Sve više studija povezuje učinak kroničnog djelovanja direktnih čimbenika na sluznicu donjeg dijela jednja ka s posljedičnom promjenom kvantitativnog i kvali tativnog sastava mikrobioma.…”

Section: Patofiziološki Mehanizmi Nastanka Laringofaringealnog Refluksaunclassified

“…3,4 Sve više studija povezuje učinak kroničnog djelovanja direktnih čimbenika na sluznicu donjeg dijela jednja ka s posljedičnom promjenom kvantitativnog i kvali tativnog sastava mikrobioma. 5 Potonje dovodi do gu bitka zaštitne uloge normalne mikroflore te oštećenja sluznice.…”

Section: Patofiziološki Mehanizmi Nastanka Laringofaringealnog Refluksaunclassified

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Contemporary approach to the etiology, diagnosis and therapy of laryngopharyngeal reflux – literature review

Hadžibegović

Prstačić

Slipac

et al. 2021

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Patofiziološki Mehanizmi Nastanka Laringofaringealnog Refluksaunclassified

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Contemporary approach to the etiology, diagnosis and therapy of laryngopharyngeal reflux – literature review

Hadžibegović

Prstačić

Slipac

et al. 2021

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“…The upper digestive tract is usually colonized by Gram-positive bacteria (usually also found in the mouth and the upper respiratory tract). Limited data on GERD patients with a global trend show a shift to Gram-negative anaerobes, but research on susceptibility to antibiotics is lacking [26,27].…”

Section: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (Gerd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Healthy People: Recognition of Several Risk Groups

Neut

2021

Antibiotics

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The increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in hospitalized people and the hospital environment has been thoroughly documented. In contrast, little is known about their presence in the community. However, increasing evidence is showing a high level of carriage in people without infectious signs. Colonized people can later develop infections due to MDR bacteria and may be able to transmit them to susceptible people (the number of which is increasing worldwide), for example, people with comorbidities such as diabetes, cancer, or inflammatory diseases and those in extreme age groups. Risk factors for the acquisition of MDR bacteria are as follows: (1) residence or travel in countries with high levels of MDR bacteria; (2) occupational risks such as health workers or people with close contact with animals (farmers, veterinarians) who frequently use antibiotics; and (3) comorbidities. Eradication is rather difficult and, thus far, has not shown clear-cut results. Preventive measures will be important in the future with a reinforcement of hygienic measures not only in the hospital, but also in the community.

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“…This study found that intervention with chlorhexidine mouth rinse over 2 weeks caused significant alterations in the oral microbiome when compared to the untreated group (Wilcoxon rank-sum p = 0.013 for pairwise distances measured with weighted UniFrac), and this intervention also changed the expression of several genes associated with inflammation measured by RNAseq of esophageal tissue [28]. No study has yet fully revealed whether changes in the microbiome could relieve gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, or if BE metaplasia creates a different microenvironment that attracts different types of microbes compared to the normal esophagus [29]; thus, further investigation is warranted.…”

Section: Potential Role Of Esophageal Microbiome In Be and Eacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Determining the Role of Microbiome Evolution in Barrett’s Esophagus and Progression to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

et al. 2021

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Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) claims the lives of half of patients within the first year of diagnosis, and its incidence has rapidly increased since the 1970s despite extensive research into etiological factors. The changes in the microbiome within the distal esophagus in modern populations may help explain the growth in cases that other common EAC risk factors together cannot fully explain. The precursor to EAC is Barrett’s esophagus (BE), a metaplasia adapted to a reflux-mediated microenvironment that can be challenging to diagnose in patients who do not undergo endoscopic screening. Non-invasive procedures to detect microbial communities in saliva, oral swabs and brushings from the distal esophagus allow us to characterize taxonomic differences in bacterial population abundances within patients with BE versus controls, and may provide an alternative means of BE detection. Unique microbial communities have been identified across healthy esophagus, BE, and various stages of progression to EAC, but studies determining dynamic changes in these communities, including migration from proximal stomach and oral cavity niches, and their potential causal role in cancer formation are lacking. Helicobacter pylori is negatively associated with EAC, and the absence of this species has been implicated in the evolution of chromosomal instability, a main driver of EAC, but joint analyses of microbiome and host genomes are needed. Acknowledging technical challenges, future studies on the prediction of microbial dynamics and evolution within BE and the progression to EAC will require larger esophageal microbiome datasets, improved bioinformatics pipelines, and specialized mathematical models for analysis.

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Microbiome of the Aerodigestive Tract in Health and Esophageal Disease

Cited by 19 publications

References 64 publications

Contemporary approach to the etiology, diagnosis and therapy of laryngopharyngeal reflux – literature review

Contemporary approach to the etiology, diagnosis and therapy of laryngopharyngeal reflux – literature review

Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Healthy People: Recognition of Several Risk Groups

Challenges in Determining the Role of Microbiome Evolution in Barrett’s Esophagus and Progression to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

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