“…They provide an alternative to closed microfluidic systems, such as flow channels, yet offer similar benefits: low sample consumption, high throughput, automation possibilities, and, most importantly, flexibility and versatility [1][2][3] . Furthermore, the sessile droplet offers additional advantages that include simplicity of fabrication and surface modification, feasibility of operation without a pump, elimination of device failures from channel blockage, and more compliance for unskilled users [4][5][6] . Sessile droplets on a solid substrate are used in a myriad of microfluidic applications, such as chemical synthesis 7,8 , polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 9,10 , immunoassay 11,12 , electrochemical sensing 13,14 , particle and cell separation and agglomeration [15][16][17] , and cell culturing 18,19 .…”