Microbiota Features Associated With a High-Fat/Low-Fiber Diet in Healthy Adults

Abstract

A high intake of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) is related to an increased risk of obesity, inflammation and cancer-related diseases, and this risk is attenuated only when SFAs are replaced by unsaturated fats and unrefined carbohydrates. The gut microbiota has recently emerged as a new environmental factor in the pathophysiology of these disorders, and is also one of the factors most influenced by diet. We sought to determine whether the gut microbiota of healthy individuals whose intake of SFAs exceeds World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations exhibits features similar to those reported in people with obesity, inflammation, cancer or metabolic disease. Healthy non-obese subjects were divided into two groups based on their SFAs intake. Body composition and gut microbiota composition were analyzed, and associations between bacterial taxa, diet and body fat composition were determined globally and separately by sex. Metagenome functional pathways were predicted by PICRUSt analysis. Subjects whose SFAs intake exceeded WHO recommendations also had a dietary pattern of low fiber intake. This high saturated fat/low fiber diet was associated with a greater sequence abundance of the Anaerotruncus genus, a butyrate producer associated with obesity. Analysis of data of high SFAs intake by sex showed that females presented with a greater abundance of Campylobacter, Blautia, Flavonifractor and Erysipelatoclostridium, whereas males showed higher levels of Anaerotruncus, Eisenbergiella, a genus from the order Clostridiales (FamilyXIIIUCG_001) and two genera from the Lachnospiraceae family. PICRUSt analysis confirmed these data, showing a correlation with a decrease in the abundance of sequences encoding for transporters of some metals such as iron, which is needed to maintain a healthy metabolism. Thus, the microbiota of healthy people on a high SFAs diet contain bacterial taxa (Anaerotruncus, Lachnospiraceae Flavonifractor, Campylobacter, Erysipelotrichacea and Eisenbergiella) that could be related to the development of some diseases, especially obesity and other pro-inflammatory diseases in women. In summary, the present study identifies bacterial taxa that could be considered as early predictors for the onset of different diseases in healthy subjects. Also, sex differences in gut microbiota suggest that women and men differentially benefit from following a specific diet.

Gut Microbiota in Canine Idiopathic Epilepsy: Effects of Disease and Treatment

“…Another study found that dried plum feed supplement in birds can mitigate heat stress by changes in microbiota, increasing bacteria such as Anaerotruncus , among others [ 76 ]. On the other hand, a high saturated fat/low fiber diet was associated with a greater sequence abundance of the Anaerotruncus genus, a butyrate producer associated with obesity [ 77 ]. The possible association of Anaerotruncus and epilepsy remains to be explored.…”

Gut microbiome variation modulates the effects of dietary fiber on host metabolism

“…Previous work has found the Anaerotruncus and Alistipes genera enriched in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice exhibiting severe glycolipid metabolism disorders relative to wild type and ob/ob mice consuming inulin with improved metabolic parameters [76,77]. Abundance of these two genera was also linked with consumption of high-fat diets in humans [78][79][80]. Altogether, these studies suggest that Anaerotruncus and Alistipes may directly or indirectly contribute to the metabolism of dietary fats and fiber types and community context influence this dynamic.…”

Molecular Mechanism of Microbiota Metabolites in Preterm Birth: Pathological and Therapeutic Insights

“…Various external environmental factors, especially diet containing high carbohydrates, high protein, and high fat affect the gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic dysregulation [ 69 , 70 ]. Disturbed metabolic dysregulation due to high consumption of carbohydrate and fat diet increases the chances of obesity and relative abundance of pathogenic microbiota [ 71 , 72 ]. Consumption of high carbohydrates, high-protein, high-fat, and/or high-vitamin diets influences maternal extra and intrauterine factors by their pathogenic microbiota and metabolites, thereby increasing the risk of PTB [ 23 , 73 ].…”