Microbiota of Cow’s Milk with Udder Pathologies

Abstract

Mastitis is the most common disease for cattle, causing great economic losses for the global dairy industry. Recent studies indicate the multi-agent and microbiome diversity of this disease. To understand the nature of mastitis and investigate the role of the microbiome in the development of pathologies in the udder of bovines, we performed NGS sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of cow’s milk with pathologies of the udder. The obtained data show a significant increase in the Cutibacterium, Blautia, Clostridium sensu stricto 2, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Microbacterium genera for groups of cows with udder pathologies. Increasing relative abundance of the Staphylococcus and Streptococcus genera was associated with subclinical mastitis. Our data show that a relative increase in abundance of the Staphylococcus and Microbacterium genera may be an early sign of infection. We have shown, for the first time, an increase in the Colidextribacter, Paeniclostridium and Turicibacter genera in groups of cows with mastitis. These results expand our understanding of the role of the microbiome in the development of bovine mastitis.

Distinguishing the milk microbiota of healthy goats and goats diagnosed with subclinical mastitis, clinical mastitis, and gangrenous mastitis

“…Among this genus, Staphylococcus Coagulase-Negative (SCN) and Staphylococcus aureus are the most frequently diagnosed causes of subclinical and clinical IMI in goats, respectively ( Contreras et al, 2007 ; Dore et al, 2016 ). Previous studies have also found this genus in the milk microbiota of humans ( Hunt et al, 2011 ; Fernández et al, 2020 ; Gryaznova et al, 2021 ), cows ( Oikonomou et al, 2012 , 2014 ) and healthy goats ( Deinhofer and Pernthaner, 1995 ; Zhang et al, 2017 ; Polveiro et al, 2020 ). On the other hand, even though this agent is present in animals with mastitis or healthy animals, the species of Staphylococcus sp.…”

“…In this study, the milk of goats was mainly colonized by the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria; they have also been found in the milk of other goats ( Zhang et al, 2017 ), cows ( Gryaznova et al, 2021 ), humans, and in human intestines ( Urbaniak et al, 2016 ; Rinninella et al, 2019 ). Changes in the phylum Proteobacteria, as demonstrated here in the milk of healthy animals, in relation to subclinical mastitis, in the human microbiota are related to some population signatures in the microbiota in diseases ( Rizzatti et al, 2017 ).…”

Probiotics and Postbiotics as Substitutes of Antibiotics in Farm Animals: A Review

“…Inflammation of the udder tissue has a negative impact on economical milk production and the animal’s welfare due to pathologies causing edema, swelling, pain, inflammation, or udder fibrosis [ 92 ] and to a reduced reproductive efficiency [ 93 ]. Disease control is hindered by the causes of multifactorial occurrence and involving a large number of pathogens [ 94 ]. The main pathogens inducing mastitis are S. aureus , Streptococcus uberis , and Streptococcus dysgalactiae [ 95 , 96 , 97 ] and more often isolated strains of E. coli [ 98 ].…”

Induction of mastitis by cow-to-mouse fecal and milk microbiota transplantation causes microbiome dysbiosis and genomic functional perturbation in mice

“…This invading encroachment is favoured by the compromised immune status of the host and the interactions between the opportunistic pathogens and the resident microbiota of the mammary gland [ 5 , 7 – 11 ]. Depending on the host–pathogen interactions [ 12 – 14 ], bovine mastitis can manifest clinical features of apparent changes in the color of milk, swelling, redness, warmth and pain in the affected udder, systemic symptoms like fever and anorexia and sometimes death due to toxemia [ 15 , 16 ]. Despite intensive research and implementation of various strategies over the last few decades to manage mastitis, the control of this dairy disease is still elusive because of the dynamic changes in the etiology [ 3 ].…”