Microbiota of field-collected Ixodes scapularis and Dermacentor variabilis from eastern and southern Ontario, Canada

Clow, Katie M.; Weese, J. Scott; Rousseau, Joyce D.; Jardine, Claire M.

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.09.009

Cited by 44 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For the same tick species, noting variations in tick microbiome composition and diversity at large spatial scales (between ticks collected from different states or regions) could not be so surprising due to the high variations in climatic factors and environmental niche. Contrasting results were recently observed as Clow et al [37] have shown the lack of significant differences in the relative abundances of microbial communities of ticks collected in distant locations (east vs south) in Canada. However, these observations were made on relatively small sample sizes.…”

Section: Is the Spatial Scale Necessary To Efficiently Study The Tickcontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…In addition, it is now well established that TBPs coexist with many other microorganisms (microbiota) in ticks constituting a tick microbial complex recently named pathobiome [32]. The microbial communities of several tick species of the genera Ixodes, Dermacentor, Hyalomma, Haemaphysalis, Rhipicephalus and Amblyomma have been studied [33][34][35][36][37][38][39] improving our knowledge on the diversity and composition of the tick microbiome. Microbiome often consists of endosymbionts, which can have multiple detrimental, neutral, or beneficial effects to their tick hosts [40,41], and therefore might play various roles in fitness, nutritional adaptation, development, reproduction, defence against environmental stress, and immunity [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The scale affects our view on the identification and distribution of microbial communities in ticks

et al. 2020

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Ticks transmit the highest variety of pathogens impacting human and animal health worldwide. It is now well established that ticks also harbour a microbial complex of coexisting symbionts, commensals and pathogens. With the development of high throughput sequencing technologies, studies dealing with such diverse bacterial composition in tick considerably increased in the past years and revealed an unexpected microbial diversity. These data on diversity and composition of the tick microbes are increasingly available, giving crucial details on microbial communities in ticks and improving our knowledge on the tick microbial community. However, consensus is currently lacking as to which scales (tick organs, individual specimens or species, communities of ticks, populations adapted to particular environmental conditions, spatial and temporal scales) best facilitate characterizing microbial community composition of ticks and understanding the diverse relationships among tick-borne bacteria. Temporal or spatial scales have a clear influence on how we conduct ecological studies, interpret results, and understand interactions between organisms that build the microbiome. We consider that patterns apparent at one scale can collapse into noise when viewed from other scales, indicating that processes shaping tick microbiome have a continuum of variability that has not yet been captured. Based on available reports, this review demonstrates how much the concept of scale is crucial to be considered in tick microbial community studies to improve our knowledge on tick microbe ecology and pathogen/ microbiota interactions.

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Section: Is the Spatial Scale Necessary To Efficiently Study The Tickcontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The scale affects our view on the identification and distribution of microbial communities in ticks

et al. 2020

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“…Although Rickettsia were the most abundant bacteria in most of the ticks we sampled, some ticks were dominated by Pseudomonas, various Enterobacteriaceae, or Borrelia. Two Borrelia-negative ticks had large proportions of Pseudomonas, which has also been found in blacklegged ticks in Ontario, Canada [43,57], and eastern USA [51,58]. The role of Pseudomonas in the microbiome of ticks remains to be clarified, although a study focused on Pseudomonas from healthy vertebrates in Spain recovered Pseudomonas fluorescens (11 isolates) and Pseudomonas gessardii (6 isolates) from two ticks that were included in their sampling [59].…”

Section: Components Of the Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome Composition and Borrelia Detection in Ixodes scapularis Ticks at the Northwestern Edge of Their Range

Sperling

Fitzgerald²,

Sperling

et al. 2020

TropicalMed

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Lyme disease-causing Borrelia burgdorferi has been reported in 10–19% of Ixodes ticks from Alberta, Canada, where the tick vector Ixodes scapularis is at the northwestern edge of its range. However, the presence of Borrelia has not been verified independently, and the bacterial microbiome of these ticks has not been described. We performed 16S rRNA bacterial surveys on female I. scapularis from Alberta that were previously qPCR-tested in a Lyme disease surveillance program. Both 16S and qPCR methods were concordant for the presence of Borrelia. The 16S studies also provided a profile of associated bacteria that showed the microbiome of I. scapularis in Alberta was similar to other areas of North America. Ticks that were qPCR-positive for Borrelia had significantly greater bacterial diversity than Borrelia-negative ticks, on the basis of generalized linear model testing. This study adds value to ongoing tick surveillance and is a foundation for deeper understanding of tick microbial ecology and disease transmission in a region where I. scapularis range expansion, induced by climate and land use changes, is likely to have increasing public health implications.

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“…Initial studies on different Ixodes species (e.g., I. scapurlaris, I. ricinus, I. pacificus, and I. persulcatus) using high throughput sequencing methods have discovered a whole range of bacterial taxa that are associated with ticks. Some studies found differences in bacterial genera contributing to the tick microbiome between geographical locations, tick species and stages (nymphs, female, and males) (Van Treuren et al, 2015), but others did not (Clow et al, 2018). In most studies bacterial genera were found that constitute known tick symbionts like Coxiella, Midichloria, Francisella, Wolbachia, Cardinium, Arsenophonus, Spiroplasma, Rickettsia, Rickettsiella, and Lariskella (Benson et al, 2004;Carpi et al, 2011;Abraham et al, 2017;Bonnet et al, 2017;Mukhacheva and Kovalev, 2017;Swei and Kwan, 2017).…”

Section: The Microbiome Of Ticksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borrelia bavariensis: Vector Switch, Niche Invasion, and Geographical Spread of a Tick-Borne Bacterial Parasite

Margos¹,

Fingerle²,

Reynolds

2019

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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The Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex currently consists of more than 20 species that utilize small vertebrate hosts as reservoirs and ticks of the genus Ixodes as vectors. The bacterial parasite species differ in their ecology (reservoir hosts, competent vectors) as well as geographical distribution. Several studies have defined reservoir host association as a driver for diversification, speciation and pattern of spatial occurrence of populations but in this review we focus on vector association and its role in diversification and speciation of Borrelia. Borrelia bavariensis, a member of the species complex, uses small mammals as reservoir hosts and can cause Lyme borreliosis in humans. Phylogeographic analysis employing both genetic and genomic data shows that this species has undergone a recent range expansion, invading Europe from its probable original range in Asia while undergoing a drastic genetic bottleneck, suggesting that the colonization of Europe was a single event. We hypothesize that this invasion-like range expansion coincided with a change in the parasite's tick vector, switching from Ixodes persulcatus in Asia to I. ricinus in Europe. Making extensive use of the ecological concept of niche, we discuss the importance of host and vector associations in defining spatial range and their possible role in speciation in the B. burgdorferi sensu lato species complex.

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Microbiota of field-collected Ixodes scapularis and Dermacentor variabilis from eastern and southern Ontario, Canada

Cited by 44 publications

References 38 publications

The scale affects our view on the identification and distribution of microbial communities in ticks

The scale affects our view on the identification and distribution of microbial communities in ticks

Microbiome Composition and Borrelia Detection in Ixodes scapularis Ticks at the Northwestern Edge of Their Range

Borrelia bavariensis: Vector Switch, Niche Invasion, and Geographical Spread of a Tick-Borne Bacterial Parasite

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