“…Temperature strongly affects a range of fundamental cellular processes (Goldberg, 2003;Haas, 2010), and thus keeping a microbial culture in a suitable range of temperatures is of high importance in terms of strain performance (Amillastre, Aceves-Lara, Uribelarrea, Alfenore, & Guillouet, 2012). Large-scale growth of most microorganisms is accompanied by the production of heat (Brettel, Lamprecht, & Schaarschmidt, 1981), which, when large culture volumes are set, often results in an undesirable increase in the temperature of the batch culture that has to be alleviated through refrigeration (von Stockar & van der Wielen, 1997;Türker, 2004).…”