Microcephaly Caused by Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

Delaine, Maïa; Weingertner, Anne-Sophie; Nougairède, Antoine; Lepiller, Quentin; Fafi‐Kremer, Samira; Favre, R.; Charrel, Rémi N.

doi:10.3201/eid2309.170775

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Infection during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion [ 12 ]. Infection during the second and third trimesters has been linked to congenital LCMV infection characterized by hydrocephalus, macrocephaly, or microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, periventricular calcifications, and chorioretinitis [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Approximately 35% of infants die from complications of congenital LCMV infection [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection in Continental Croatian Regions

et al. 2021

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Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a neglected human pathogen associated with aseptic meningitis, severe systemic infections in immunocompromised persons, and congenital anomalies. Data on the prevalence of LCMV infections are scarce. We analyzed the seroprevalence of LCMV in continental Croatian regions. A total of 338 serum samples of professionally exposed (forestry workers, hunters, agriculture workers in contact with rodents) and non-exposed populations (general population, pregnant women) were tested for the presence of LCMV antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence assay. No participants reported recent febrile disease. LCMV IgG antibodies were detected in 23/6.8% of participants: 9.8% exposed persons and 5.1% non-exposed persons (6.1% in the general population and 3.9% in pregnant women). No participants were LCMV IgM positive. Although higher seropositivity was found in males compared to females (8.9% vs. 4.7%), inhabitants of suburban/rural areas compared to inhabitants of urban areas (9.2% vs. 4.6%), and persons who used well as a source of water compared to those who used tap (11.4% vs. 5.6%), these differences did not reach statistical significance. Results of logistic regression showed that the presence of rodents in the house/yard and cleaning rodent nests were associated with an elevated risk for LCMV infection (OR = 2.962, 95% CI = 1.019–8.607).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection in Continental Croatian Regions

et al. 2021

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“…LCMV is strongly neurotropic in the human fetus. As a result, the teratogenic effects of congenital LCMV infection are largely confined to the central nervous system, and especially to the brain and retina [10,11,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Strain Determines Disease Symptoms, Pathology, and Immune Response in Neonatal Rats with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection

Plume

Todd

Bonthius

2019

Viruses

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When infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCMV) occurs during pregnancy, the virus can infect the fetus and injure the fetal brain. However, type, location, and severity of neuropathology differ among cases. One possible explanation for this diversity is that fetuses are infected with different viral strains. Using a rat model of congenital LCMV infection, we investigated how differences in LCMV strain (E350, WE2.2, and Clone 13) affect outcome. Rat pups received intracranial inoculations on postnatal day 4. E350 initially targeted glial cells, while WE2.2 and Clone 13 targeted neurons. The E350 strain induced focal destructive lesions, while the other strains induced global microencephaly. E350 attracted large numbers of CD8+ lymphocytes early in the disease course, while Clone 13 attracted CD4+ lymphocytes, and the infiltration occurred late. The E350 and WE2.2 strains induced large increases in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while Clone 13 did not. The animals infected with E350 and WE2.2 became ataxic and performed poorly on the negative geotaxis assay, while the Clone 13 animals had profound growth failure. Thus, in the developing brain, different LCMV strains have different patterns of infection, neuropathology, immune responses and disease symptoms. In humans, different outcomes from congenital LCMV may reflect infection with different strains.

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“…The virus is usually associated with mild, self‐limited or asymptomatic infections, but can result in aseptic meningitis in immunocompetent persons, and lead to serious systemic infection and death in immunocompromised patients (Macneil et al., ). Prenatal infection may cause congenital malformations, microcephaly or abortion (Delaine et al., ). Humans can be infected by direct contact with infected rodents or contaminated fomites, inhalation of aerosolized virus, organ transplantation or by congenital infection (Bonthius, ; Laposova et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and genomic characterization of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in ticks from northeastern China

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a rodent-borne arenavirus that is considered a neglected cause of neurologic diseases in humans. In this study, we described genomic characterization of newly isolated LCMVs in Haemaphysalis longicornis, Dermacentor nuttalli, Dermacentor silvarum and Ixodes persulcatus in Jilin Province, northeastern China. The complete sequences of the small (S) and large (L) segments of LCMVs in ticks contained 3,375 and 7,235-7,241 nucleotides, respectively. Sequence comparison showed 82.1%-86.0% identity of S segment with other lineage I strains at the nucleotide level and 91.2%-97.5% at the deduced amino acid level, while a lower identity was observed in the L segment at both nucleotide (75.4%-82.2%) and amino acid (82.4%-93.4%) levels. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the tick LCMVs together with the lineage I strains, but in an isolated cluster with a high bootstrap value. Bayesian analysis indicated that the molecular evolutionary rate was estimated to be 3.3 × 10 substitutions/site/year for the S segment and 6.3 × 10 substitutions/site/year for the L segment, and the time to most recent common ancestor was 1980 and 1970 years ago, respectively, showing that tick LCMVs were predicted to originate between 1970s and 1980s. A long evolutionary history and high prevalence of LCMV in H. longicornis were found compared to other tick species. This study represented the first report on isolation of LCMV in China, showing that LCMV is circulating among ticks in Jilin Province, but the role of ticks in the epidemiology of LCMV remains to be explored.

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Microcephaly Caused by Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

Cited by 32 publications

References 14 publications

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection in Continental Croatian Regions

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection in Continental Croatian Regions

Viral Strain Determines Disease Symptoms, Pathology, and Immune Response in Neonatal Rats with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection

Isolation and genomic characterization of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in ticks from northeastern China

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