Microchemical Characterization of Aerosols

Sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing China

“…The single most distinctive feature of all the EGA thermograms is the black carbon, composing typically 40-50% of the total carbon. Such a feature is characteristic of combustionproduced soot particles, a.s demonstrated previously (Novakov, 1981). (A small fraction, usually less than 15%, of total carbon was present as mineral carbonate.)…”

“…Temperature-programmed evolved gas analysis (EGA) was used to determine the primary carbon content (Dod and Novakov, 1982;Novakov, 1981). Particulate sulfur and other trace element concentrations were measured on the cellulose ester filters by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry (Giauque et al, 1979).…”

“…It is evident that the period of increased ambient soot concentrations corresponds to lower temperatures, suggesting that space heating is a significant source of ambient soot during cold periods. Stagnant Soot, a primary combustion-generated pollutant, can be used as a conservative tracer for the products of incomplete combustion (Novakov, 1981); and therefore the ratio of particulate sulfur (or sulfate) to soot can be used to study the relationship between sulfates and source emissions. This approach is illustrated in Fig.…”

Evidence for heterogeneous SO2 oxidation in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia

“…As a primary combustion-generated particulate pollutant, soot can be used as a conservative tracer for the products of incomplete combustion (Novakov, 1981). The Sp/Cp and Jan. -Feb. 1982.…”

Carbonaceous Components in PM2.5 and PM0.1 with Online Measurements of Gaseous and Particulate Pollutants: Implication of Thermal-Optical Derived EC2 Fraction as a Component of Ultrafine Particles in the Roadside Environment

“…Methods for the determination of OC and EC have been introduced and developed (Novakov, 1981;Birch and Cary, 1996;Chow et al, 1993;Hitzenberger et al, 1996;Lavanchy et al, 1999;Chow et al, 2001;Fung et al, 2002). To determine carbonaceous components in PM 2.5 (D p < 2.5 µm), several studies have used the thermal-optical reflectance (TOR) method based on the IMPROVE protocol (Chow et al, 1993;Cabada et al, 2002;Cao et al, 2003;Kim et al, 2003;Cabada et al, 2004;Cao et al, 2004;Chow et al, 2004;Kim et al, 2004;Han et al, 2007Han et al, , 2009) while few studies have been undertaken to determine the carbonaceous components of PM 0.1 (D p < 0.1 µm) (Sardar et al, 2005;Chen et al, 2010a, b;Zhu et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2011a, b;Kudo et al, 2011;Kudo et al, 2012;Zhu et al, 2012;Kim et al, 2013).…”