Microcirculation of Bone

Williams, E. Alan; Fitzgerald, Robert H.; Kelly, Patrick J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-508302-7.50016-3

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 106 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It has been shown with injection studies using thorotrast (Seliger, 1970) that this substance leaks from the capillaries of cortical bone into the perivascular fluid and that eventually it can be seen in the periosteal lymphatic vessels. A similar finding has been observed in cortical bone after the use of India ink (Williams et al, 1984). The indirect conclusion seems to be that, although there are no demonstrable lymphatic channels in bone tissue, the perivascular fluid as a whole circulates toward the periphery of the bone, carrying with it substances such as large proteins and carbon particles to be taken up by a mechanism at or near the periosteum.…”

Section: Bone Lymphatics and Blood Vessel Trans-arterial-wall Transupporting

confidence: 87%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Blood and interstitial flow in the hierarchical pore space architecture of bone tissue

Cowin

Cardoso

2015

Journal of Biomechanics

132

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There are two main types of fluid in bone tissue, blood and interstitial fluid. The chemical composition of these fluids varies with time and location in bone. Blood arrives through the arterial system containing oxygen and other nutrients and the blood components depart via the venous system containing less oxygen and reduced nutrition. Within the bone, as within other tissues, substances pass from the blood through the arterial walls into the interstitial fluid. The movement of the interstitial fluid carries these substances to the cells within the bone and, at the same time, carries off the waste materials from the cells. Bone tissue would not live without these fluid movements. The development of a model for poroelastic materials with hierarchical pore space architecture for the description of blood flow and interstitial fluid flow in living bone tissue is reviewed. The model is applied to the problem of determining the exchange of pore fluid between the vascular porosity and the lacunar-canalicular porosity in bone tissue due to cyclic mechanical loading and blood pressure. These results are basic to the understanding of interstitial flow in bone tissue that, in turn, is basic to understanding of nutrient transport from the vasculature to the bone cells buried in the bone tissue and to the process of mechanotransduction by these cells.

show abstract

Section: Bone Lymphatics and Blood Vessel Trans-arterial-wall Transupporting

confidence: 87%

“…There is an abundant capillary bed throughout the bone tissue that drains outwards to the periosteal veins. Modified from Williams et al, (1984).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood and interstitial flow in the hierarchical pore space architecture of bone tissue

Cowin

Cardoso

2015

Journal of Biomechanics

132

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been shown with injection studies using thorotrast [40] that this substance leaks from the capillaries of cortical bone into the perivascular fluid and that eventually it can be seen in the periosteal lymphatic vessels. A similar finding has been observed in the cortical bone after the use of India ink [9]. The indirect conclusion seems to be that, although there are no demonstrable lymphatic channels in bone tissue, the perivascular fluid as a whole circulates toward the periphery of the bone, carrying with it substances such as large proteins and carbon particles to be taken up by a mechanism at or near the periosteum.…”

Section: Bone Lymphatics and Blood Vessel Trans-wall Transportsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Small arterioles from these radial branches supply the marrow sinusoids adjacent to the bone. (Modified from Williams et al [9].) pressure in the capillaries does not fall below that in the extravascular space, the interstitial fluid pressure.…”

Section: Dynamics Of the Arterial Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Interstitial Fluid Movement in Cortical Bone Tissue

Cowin

2010

Biomechanics of Hard Tissues

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Blood and interstitial fluid have many functions in a bone. They transport nutrients to, and carry waste from, the bone cells (osteocytes) buried in the bony matrix. They are involved in the transport of minerals to the bone tissue for storage and the retrieval of those minerals when the body needs them. Interstitial flow is considered to have a role in bone's mechanosensory system. Bone deformation causes the interstitial flow over the cell processes of the osteocyte creating a drag on the fibers that connect the cell; the drag force created by the flowing interstitial fluid is sensed by the cell [1][2][3][4]. A full physiological understanding of this mechanosensory system will provide insight into the following three important clinical problems: (i) how to maintain the long-term stability of bone implants, (ii) the physiological mechanism underlying osteoporosis, and (iii) how to maintain bones in long-duration space flights and long-term bed rest.Since one purpose of this work is to describe how these fluid systems work, consideration is limited to cortical bone in the mid-diaphysis of a long bone.Although most of what is described is also applicable to the bone tissue at other anatomical sites, the discussion is more concise and direct if this limitation is stipulated.The majority of the motive force for the blood flow is from the heart, but the contraction of muscles attached to the bone and the mechanical loading of bone also contribute to this motive force. The majority of the motive force for the interstitial fluid flow is due to the mechanical loading of bone, but the contraction of muscles attached to bone and the heart also supply some of its motive force. The influence of the mechanical loading of a whole bone on the fluid system's maintenance of the bone tissue is critical. The fluid flow resulting from the mechanical loading is modeled by the theory of poroelasticity. This theory models the interaction of deformation and fluid flow in a fluid-saturated porous medium. The theory was proposed by Biot [5, 6] as a theoretical extension of soil consolidation models developed to calculate the settlement of structures placed on fluid-saturated porous soils. The theory has been widely applied to geotechnical problems beyond soil

show abstract

Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for delivery of bone therapeutics – Barriers and progresses

Lavrador

Gaspar

Mano

2018

Journal of Controlled Release

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The development of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines with tunable cargo release is gathering an increased applicability in bone regeneration and precision biomedicine. Yet, the formulation of nanocarriers that explore skeletal-specific stimuli remains remarkably challenging to materialize due to several endogenous and disease-specific barriers that must be considered during particle design stages. Such anatomo-physiological constrains ultimately hinder nanocarriers bioavailability in target bone tissues and impact the overall therapeutic outcome. This review aims to showcase and critically discuss the hurdles encountered upon responsive nanocarriers delivery in the context of skeletal diseases or tissue regeneration scenarios. Such focus is complemented with an in-depth and up-to-date analysis of advances in the development of stimuli-responsive, bone-focused delivery systems. In a holistic perspective, a deeper knowledge of human osteology combined with advances in materials functionalization via simple precision-chemistry is envisioned to incite the manufacture of stimuli-triggered nanomedicines with more realistic potential for clinical translation.

show abstract

Microcirculation of Bone

Cited by 3 publications

References 106 publications

Blood and interstitial flow in the hierarchical pore space architecture of bone tissue

Blood and interstitial flow in the hierarchical pore space architecture of bone tissue

Interstitial Fluid Movement in Cortical Bone Tissue

Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for delivery of bone therapeutics – Barriers and progresses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About