Microcystins in Natural Blooms and Laboratory Cultured Microcystis aeruginosa from Laguna de Bay, Philippines

Cuvin-Aralar, Maria Lourdes A.; Fastner, Jutta; Focken, Ulfert; Becker, Klaus; Aralar, Emiliano V.

doi:10.1078/0723-2020-00102

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The results of this meta-analysis corroborates some findings from individual studies across all regions, which identify elevated total nitrogen concentrations as one of the more important factors in the development of tropical Microcystis blooms (Mahakhant et al, 1998;Huszar et al, 2000;Cuvin-Aralar et al, 2002;Welker et al, 2004;Jayatissa et al, 2006;Magadza, 2006;Ghosh et al, 2008;Chia et al, 2009;Rejmánková et al, 2011). Other factors such as high temperature do contribute to Microcystis bloom formation, however, the role of temperature was not as important as total nitrogen concentration (Fig.…”

Section: Effects Of Nutrients and Temperature On Tropical Bloomssupporting

confidence: 85%

Tropical cyanobacterial blooms: a review of prevalence, problem taxa, toxins and influencing environmental factors

et al. 2014

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Section: Effects Of Nutrients and Temperature On Tropical Bloomssupporting

confidence: 85%

Tropical cyanobacterial blooms: a review of prevalence, problem taxa, toxins and influencing environmental factors

et al. 2014

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“…In water samples where MC-LW and MC-LF were present, MC-LW contributed on average 5.2% to the total MC concentration and MC-LF contributed 4.6%. This is slightly higher than the values found in other field samples [17,18]. However, higher relative MC-LW and MC-LF concentrations have been reported from M. aeruginosa culture strains, e.g., 21% LW and 19% LF in PCC7820 [32] and 19% LW and 14% LF in AB2005/45 [33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…MC-LR is one of the most frequently observed MCs in the environment along with the variants MC-RR and MC-YR [4]. However, when looked for, MC-LW and MC-LF have also been detected [17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26], albeit not in all cases (e.g., [27,28,29]). Despite the potential higher toxicity of MC-LW and MC-LF, risk assessments are often based on MC-LR or MC-LR equivalents, and only sometimes on total MC or MC-LR toxicity equivalents [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of the Microcystins MC-LW and MC-LF in Dutch Surface Waters and Their Contribution to Total Microcystin Toxicity

Faassen

Lürling

2013

Marine Drugs

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Microcystins (MCs) are the most frequently found cyanobacterial toxins in freshwater systems. Many MC variants have been identified and variants differ in their toxicity. Recent studies showed that the variants MC-LW and MC-LF might be more toxic than MC-LR, the variant that is most abundant and mostly used for risk assessments. As little is known about the presence of these two variants in The Netherlands, we determined their occurrence by analyzing 88 water samples and 10 scum samples for eight MC variants ((dm-7-)MC-RR, MC-YR, (dm-7-)MC-LR, MC-LY, MC-LW and MC-LF) by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection. All analyzed MC variants were detected, and MC-LW and/or MC-LF were present in 32% of the MC containing water samples. When MC-LW and MC-LF were present, they contributed to nearly 10% of the total MC concentrations, but due to their suspected high toxicity, their average contribution to the total MC toxicity was estimated to be at least 45%. Given the frequent occurrence and possible high toxicity of MC-LW and MC-LF, it seems better to base health risk assessments on the toxicity contributions of different MC variants than on MC-LR concentrations alone.

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“…The presence of an acetyl‐desmethyl‐Adda variant of another MC (MC‐LR) was found in a bloom of Planktothrix agardhii in Denmark 42. It is noteworthy that although MALDI‐ToF‐MS was previously used to detect both known and unknown MCs,43–47 LC/ESI‐Q‐ToF‐MS/MS allows the best tandem mass spectrometric analysis, thanks to the chromatographic separation, the ion selection by quadrupole and the possibility to employ a collision cell for high‐throughput fragmentation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid chromatography coupled to quadruple time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry for microcystin analysis in freshwaters: method performances and characterisation of a novel variant of microcystin‐RR

Ferranti¹,

Fabbrocino

Nasi³

et al. 2009

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Cyanobacteria, also called blue-green algae, occur worldwide within water blooms in eutrophic lakes and drinking water reservoirs, producing several biotoxins (cyanotoxins). Among these, microcystins (MCs) are a group of cyclic heptapeptides showing potent hepatotoxicity and activity as tumour promoters. So far, at least 89 MCs from different cyanobacteria genera have been characterised. Herein, ion trap, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) and quadruple time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods were tested and compared for analysing MCs in freshwaters. Method performances in terms of limit of detection, limit of quantification, mean recoveries, repeatability, and specificity were evaluated. In particular, a liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation (LC/ESI)-Q-ToF-MS/MS method was firstly described to analyse MCs in freshwaters; this technique is highly selective and sensitive, and allowed us to characterise the molecular structure of an unknown compound. Indeed, the full structural characterisation of a novel microcystin variant from a bloom of Planktothrix rubescens in the Lake Averno, near Naples, was attained by the study of the fragmentation pattern. The new cyanotoxin was identified as the 9-acetyl-Adda variant of microcystin-RR.

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Microcystins in Natural Blooms and Laboratory Cultured Microcystis aeruginosa from Laguna de Bay, Philippines

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

Tropical cyanobacterial blooms: a review of prevalence, problem taxa, toxins and influencing environmental factors

Tropical cyanobacterial blooms: a review of prevalence, problem taxa, toxins and influencing environmental factors

Occurrence of the Microcystins MC-LW and MC-LF in Dutch Surface Waters and Their Contribution to Total Microcystin Toxicity

Liquid chromatography coupled to quadruple time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry for microcystin analysis in freshwaters: method performances and characterisation of a novel variant of microcystin‐RR

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