Microencapsulation of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Plumeria leaf extract and kinetic studies in the release of ZnO-NPs from microcapsules

Abstract

Biosynthesis using plant extract is known as one of the potential techniques to synthesize different zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in different size ranges. ZnO-NPs were synthesized using Plumeria leaf extract with laboratory chemical reagent Zn(CH3COO)2 and followed by the micro-encapsulation of biosynthesized ZnO-NPs using chitosan and cellulose with TEOF as a cross-linker employing freeze gelation method. Both neat and encapsulated ZnO-NPs have been characterized by FT-IR, UV spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM techniques. The UV-spectroscopic analysis confirmed the characteristic band of ZnO-NPs at 356.0 nm, and FIIR showed the peaks at 544 cm−1 and 545 cm−1 corresponding to the Zn–O bond. Powder XRD pattern showed the wurtzite structure of ZnO and gave the calculated average crystallite size as of 27.23 nm. In the case of encapsulated ZnO-NPs, the UV–visible spectrum showed two strong absorption peaks at 232.5 nm, 242.5 nm, and a weak peak at 357 nm. A broad peak at 3333 cm−1 in FT-IR spectra is either due to N–H stretching in the amide group of chitosan or hydroxyl group in encapsulated ZnO-NPs. It was observed that chitosan loaded ZnO-NPs had higher entrapment efficiency (81.98%) at 15 mL of plant extract. The kinetic profile in the release of ZnO particles out from encapsulated ZnO-NPs was observed to follow four kinetic paths in 120 min at pH 1.2. The particle release followed the zero-order kinetic in the first 50 min and then followed by Hixson–Crowell kinetic in the next 50 min with two different rate constants, 2.6 × 10−3 min−1 and 13 × 10−3 min−1, before it backs to the zero-order kinetics. This study shows that ZnO nanoparticles can easily be biosynthesized and encapsulated for use in the pharmaceutical industry.

Fabrication of zinc oxide‐coated microcrystalline cellulose and its application in truck tire tread compounds

“…FTIR spectra of A‐ZnO, M‐ZnO, and MCC are shown in Figure 2a. For A‐ZnO, the main characteristic peak of ZnO stretching vibration is observed at 543 cm −1 52 . The FTIR spectrum of MCC shows a broad absorption peak at 3360 cm −1 corresponding to the OH stretching vibration of the hydroxy (OH) groups in cellulose's structure as well as the adsorbed moisture on the MCC's surface 53 .…”

“…For A-ZnO, the main characteristic peak of Zn O stretching vibration is observed at 543 cm À1 . 52 The FTIR spectrum of MCC shows a broad absorption peak at 3360 cm À1 corresponding to the O H stretching vibration of the hydroxy ( OH) groups in cellulose's structure as well as the adsorbed moisture on the MCC's surface. 53 The strong peak at 1649 cm À1 takes place from the C C vibration of cellulose molecules.…”

Optimization of Diltiazem Hydrochloride Nanoparticles Formula and Its Release Kinetics Evaluation

“…The release model for diltiazem HCl nanoparticles was determined to fit the dissolution data into zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixson Crowell, and Korsmeyer Peppas kinetic equations. The appropriate release kinetics model was determined with the DDSolver program using the non-linear regression approach [20].…”

Study on the dielectric property, ac conductivity and electric modulus of pristine and green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles

“…Besides these, green synthesis technique [13] has drawn much interest in the contemporary research of synthesis of NPs and is becoming increasingly important focus in materials' research in the age of environment-friendly development. Green synthesis of wurtzite type ZnO NPs using extracts of plant parts like leaf, ower, fruit and root has been reported in many studies where the particle size is signi cantly varied based on the nature of the plant extract used, such as, Acanthus sennii (19-24 nm) [14], Centella asiatica (11 nm) [15], Plumeria (27 nm) [16], Cassia auriculatacan (24-30 nm) [17], Raphanus sativus var. Longipinnatus (66 nm) [18], Olea europaea (40-124 nm ) [19], Deverra tortuosa (9-31 nm) [20], Mangifera indica (23 ± 9 nm) [21], Annona muricata (17 ± 4 nm) [21], Laurus nobilis L. (21, 25 nm) [22], Phoenix Dactylifera.…”